哈尔滨地区农业面源污染负荷估算与分析  

Estimation and analysis of the pollution loads from the agricultural non-point source in Harbin region

作　　者：孙秀秀[1] 包丽颖[1] 郁亚娟[1] 程红红[1] 王聪[1] 黄凯[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学材料学院,环境科学与工程北京市重点实验室,北京100081 [2]北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2015年第5期300-305,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划子课题(2012BAD15B05);国家自然科学基金项目(51474033,51104021,41301636);北京市自然科学基金项目(9122017)

摘　　要：为分析哈尔滨地区农业面源污染的形势和特征,根据哈尔滨市2002—2012年的农业统计资料,利用输出系数模型估算了该地区农业面源污染总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)年输出负荷。对估算结果分不同污染源、种植类型、畜禽种类进行了分析。结果表明:TN和TP的年输出总负荷基本呈逐年增加的趋势;影响该地区农业面源污染的主要因素为土地利用,其中,农业种植用地是TN、TP负荷的最大贡献者;畜禽养殖的污染贡献仅次于农业土地利用;由农村居民生活带来的面源污染也不容忽视。因此,哈尔滨地区农业面源污染形势不容乐观,必须大力开展防控工作,以改善该地区农业面源污染日益严重的趋势。This paper is aimed at analyzing the present situation and features of agricultural non-point source pollution in Harbin region,which is mainly focused on the pollution emission load of the total nitrogen（ TN） and the total phosphorus（ TP） from the aforementioned source pollution by using an emission coefficient model on the basis of the Harbin farming statistical data in a decade from 2002 to 2012. As is known,the sources of the agricultural non-point pollution can mainly be divided into three aspects,that is,the farming land utilization,the livestock and poultry breeding and the daily living of the rural residents. Furthermore,an analysis has been done over the results of estimation of TN and TP from the said sources and the three aspects of the domestic planting breeding sources. The analysis of estimation results indicate that the pollution emission load of TN and TP has been increasing year by year. Among them,the biggest contributor to the pollution emission load of TN and TP is coming from the corn,which implies that irregular application of chemical fertilizers in the large-scale corn-growing fields turns to be the main source of agricultural non-point source pollution and contamination in this region. The next biggest pollution emission source of TN and TP comes from the livestock and poultry breeding,in which livestock breeding accounts for the largest contributor to the pollution export load of TN,with the pig breeding contributing most. Besides,the pollution emission from the daily living of the urban residence should never be neglected,too. And,it is also essential to point out that the emission situation of the agricultural non-point source pollution in Harbin region is not optimistic,which makes it urgent to take the effective preventive and controlling measures in hoping to change the unfavorable situation of agricultural non-point source pollution in the region.

关 键 词：环境工程学 农业面源污染 输出系数模型 总氮负荷 总磷负荷 哈尔滨地区 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]