不同救灾经历的矿山应急救援人员职业紧张情况  

Occupational Stress in Mine Emergency Rescuers with or without Disaster Relief Experience

作　　者：李小明 许向辉[2] 李佳 姚三巧[3] 

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学党委校长办公室,河北063000 [2]唐山市第八医院内分泌科,河北063020 [3]新乡医学院公共卫生学院职业卫生教研室,河南453003

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2015年第10期956-959,共4页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：河北省卫生厅医学研究计划(编号:20130379);唐山市科技技术研究与发展计划(编号:1313025z)

摘　　要：[目的]比较参加过和未参加过救灾的矿山应急救援人员职业紧张情况。[方法]采用横断面调查矿山应急救援人员年龄、工龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状态等资料,用职业紧张测量工具分析职业紧张因素、个性特征、缓解因素和紧张反应。用协方差进行数据分析。[结果]参加过救灾的矿山应急救援人员组间冲突、任务控制、工作需求、负荷变化、提升机会、竞争性、应对策略及每日紧张感得分均高于没有参加过救灾的矿山应急救援人员;参加过救灾的矿山应急救援人员工作控制、工作单调性、忍耐性、工作心理控制源、自尊感、心理卫生得分均低于没有参加过救灾的矿山应急救援人员,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]参加救灾可增加矿山应急救援人员的职业紧张程度,在促进矿山应急救援人员身心健康方面应予以重视。[ Objective ] To compare the levels of occupational stress in mine emergency rescuers who had provided assistance in disaster relieves and who had not. [ Methods ] A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect information including age, service length, gender, education, marital status, etc. Occupational stress scale was employed to evaluate stressor, personality, mitigating factor, and stress response. The analysis of covarianee was used for data analysis. [ Results ] The rescuers with disaster relief experience had higher scores of inter-group conflict, task control, job demand, workload change, promotion opportunity, competitiveness, coping strategy, and daily stress than those without; whereas, they had lower scores of job control, job monotonicity, patience, work locus of control, self-esteem, and psychological health （P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion ] Participating disaster relief assignment can elevate the level of occupational stress in rescuers ; therefore, more attention should be paid to their physical and mental health.

关 键 词：救援人员 救灾经历 职业紧张因素 紧张反应 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]