煤基喷气燃料研究现状及展望  

Present status and prospect of coal-based jet fuel

作　　者：杨文[1,2] 吴秀章[1] 陈茂山[3] 卢卫民[1] 贾振斌[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国神华煤制油化工有限公司,北京100011 [2]中国石油大学(北京)重质油国家重点实验室,北京102249 [3]中国神华煤制油化工有限公司鄂尔多斯煤制油分公司,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017209

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2015年第5期52-57,共6页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2012AA051007)

摘　　要：为促进我国喷气燃料的发展,介绍了JP-900、煤基全合成喷气燃料和煤直接液化喷气燃料3种煤基喷气燃料的研究历程和制备方法,对比分析了煤基喷气燃料和传统石油基喷气燃料的理化性能和使用性能,最后对煤基喷气燃料的发展提出了相关建议。JP-900的氮含量和硫含量都很少,具有较高的闪点和较低的冰点,密度高,极性化合物含量很少,其热稳定性和燃烧性能均优于石油基的航空燃料。煤基全合成喷气燃料的热稳定性、润滑性、材料相容性等指标相似或更优于传统石油基喷气燃料Jet A-1。煤直接液化油的组成特点与JP-900相似,具有高密度、高闪点、低冰点和富含环烷烃等特点,但其中的杂原子化合物会显著影响其燃料性能。除煤基全合成喷气燃料外,其他2种煤基喷气燃料还没有投入商业应用。未来应进一步增加煤液化产能,建立健全煤基喷气燃料的试验方法,建立煤基喷气燃料的产品标准,以实现煤基喷气燃料的大规模工业化生产和商业应用。In order to promote the development of Jet fuels in China,three coal- based Jet fuels that are JP- 900,coal- based full synthetic Jet fuel and Jet fuel from direct coal liquefaction were reviewed in this paper. For these three coal- based Jet fuels,the research history and preparation methods were systematically reviewed. Furthermore,by comparing performance testing data of the coal- based Jet fuels and petroleum- based Jet fuels,the physicochemical properties and service performance of the coal- based Jet fuels were discussed. Finally,the development strategies of coal- based Jet fuel were proposed. The JP- 900 was essentially free of surfur and nitrogen,significantly more dense than typical Jet fuels,and had a high flash point,low freeze point and low polar compound. Furthermore,the thermal stability and combustion property of JP- 900 were superior to that of the petroleum- based Jet fuels. Compared with the characteristics of typical Jet A- 1,the coal- based full synthetic Jet fuel achieved the same or better thermal stability,lubricity and elastomer compatibility. The Jet fuel from direct coal liquefaction had the same hydrocarbon type as that in JP- 900 which was high density,high flash point,low freezing point and rich in cyclanes. However,the heteroatomic compound significantly effected its performance. The coal- based jet fuels were not used in business application except coal- based full synthetic jet fuel. In order to achieve commercial production and business application of the coal- based Jet fuels,the production capacity of coal liquefaction should be improved,the testing methods and product standard for coal- based Jet fuels should be regulated.

关 键 词：煤基喷气燃料 JP-900 全合成喷气燃料 煤直接液化 

分 类 号：TD849[矿业工程—煤矿开采] TE626[矿业工程—矿山开采]