污水处理的未来:回归原生态文明  

Future of Wastewater Treatment: Returning to Originally Ecological Civilization

作　　者：郝晓地[1] 张健 

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境省部共建教育部重点实验室/可持续污水处理研发中心,北京100044 [2]万若环境工程技术<北京>有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2015年第20期1-7,共7页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAJ14B03);北京市财政专项"科研基地建设--节能减排协同创新中心"(2015)

摘　　要：新的世纪需要新的技术已成为各行各业普遍追求的目标。对污水处理而言,世纪之交确实也呈现出一些新技术,驱使人们跃跃欲试。一方面追求"高大上"技术的呼声此起彼伏,而另一方面城市黑臭水问题又十分普遍。与此同时,农村也出现了黑臭水需要治理的问题。在此情形下,是采用"高大上"的新技术,还是维持传统甚至回归原生态便成为当前国内外普遍热议的话题。从自然水循环入手,概括了人类的出现对水循环过程中水量与水质的影响以及对策。以具有可持续意义的原生态文明为基础,审视现代文明中排水体制对生态基础的破坏作用与恢复手段。针对我国目前盛行的城镇化以及生态文明建设,明确指出粪尿返田乃生态文明之最基本元素,应最大程度予以保留和发扬光大。对城市而言,虽存在一些潜在的新生代技术,但是技术创新并非根本,关键是把握未来污水处理的理念与方向;一个中心(可持续)、两个基本点(碳中和与磷回收)将引领集中式污水处理的未来。从这个意义上说,原生态文明与可持续处理理念殊途同归。Pursuing new technologies in the new century has become a common goal for all sec- tors. In wastewater treatment, some new technologies have indeed emerged, which makes experts/engineers itch for a try. On one hand, pursuing new technologies is warmed up, and on the other hand, nasty water occurs everywhere, even in countryside. Under the circumstance, which way should be followed： utilizing new technologies or sustaining originally ecological habits. The effects and countermeasures of human being on both water quantity and quality were summarized by starting with the natural water cycle. Based on sustainably and originally ecological civilization, the modem wastewater discharging regime was evaluated on destroying the ecological basis and on restoring measures towards ecology. For urbanization and ecological civilization being constructed in China, excreta returning to farmland was identified to be a basic element of ecological civilization and should be sustained to a large extent. As for exiting cities, in- novation on technology is not a key and the most important attention should be paid to ideas and directions of wastewater treatment; a core （sustainability） and two basic points （ carbon neutrality and phosphorus recovery） will be the future of centralized treatment. From this point of view, originally ecological civilization and sustainable wastewater treatment reach the same goal by different routes.

关 键 词：水循环 原生态文明 粪尿返田 可持续处理 磷回收 碳中和 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]