基于第七次森林资源清查的新疆天然林生态系统服务功能  

Nature tree ecosystem services evaluation in Xinjiang based on the seventh national forest assessment data

作　　者：郭仲军[1] 黄继红[2] 路兴慧[2] 王计平[3] 臧润国[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学院森林生态所,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091 [3]国家林业局盐碱地研究中心,北京100091

出　　处：《生态科学》2015年第4期118-124,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：天然林保护等林业工程生态效益评价研究(201304308)

摘　　要：新疆地处我国西北部,为典型的干旱区,是我国实施天然林保护工程的重点区域之一。依据第七次全国森林资源清查结果,参考《中国森林生态服务功能评估规范》,评估了新疆天然乔木林在涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳释氧、积累营养物质、净化大气环境和生物多样性保护6个方面的生态系统服务功能。结果显示:新疆天然乔木林生态效益总价值为229.35亿元·a–1,其中涵养水源功能价值量最大,占新疆天然乔木林生态效益总价值的39.20%,其次为生物多样性保护价值量,占总价值量的21.11%。由此表明:新疆天然乔木林更新能力低下,天然林保护工程应加强林分更新能力的提升。此外,由于新疆地处干旱区,天然乔木林在涵养水源方面的作用最为突出,在生物多样性保护方面贡献位居其次,这充分说明在新疆开展天然林保护工程应更加重视起在这两方面的重要作用,这为新疆天然林保护工程实施策略的调整提供重要的参考。Xinjiang which locates in northwest of China is a typical arid region. It is one of the key regions implemented with natural forest protection project. Based on data from the seventh national forest inventory and assessment of forest ecological services in China, we analyzed the current status of nature forest and evaluated the value of ecological benefits for Xinjiang using six kinds of ecological services functions which included water conservation, soil conservation and fertility maintenance, CO2 fixation and O2 generation, nutriment accumulation, air purification, and biodiversity protection. The results show that main nature tree forest of Xinjiang are composed of spruce forest, larch forest, poplar forest and birch forest. These four forest types account for 96.60% of total area and for 97.50% of total volumes of nature tree forest in Xinjiang. Mature forest and over-mature forest are the majority of nature tree forest in Xinjiang. Total value of ecological benefits of nature tree forest in Xinjiang is 22.935 billion RMB per year. Of all the six ecological services, water conservation is the largest, accounting for 39.20% of total value, followed by biodiversity conservation, accounting for 21.11% of total value. Renewal capacity of nature tree forest is low, thus natural forest protection project for Xinjiang to enhance the ability to update the stand should be strengthened. In addition, the most prominent roles of natural tree forests in Xinjiang are water conservation and biodiversity conservation. The study provides an important reference for the implementation and adjustment of policies in Xinjiang natural forest protection project.

关 键 词：天保工程 生态效益 森林生态系统 生态系统服务 可持续发展 

分 类 号：S718.56[农业科学—林学]