区域景观体系作为城市化的媒介 查尔斯河口城市波士顿的景观演变与城市发展  

Regional Landscape System as Medium of Urbanization the Landscape Evolution and Urban Development of Boston as Charles River Estuary City

作　　者：郑曦[1] 蒋雨婷 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2015年第9期70-76,共7页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金:"风景园林规划设计学术研究团队建设"(编号TD2011-35)资助~~

摘　　要：城市是构建于自然系统之上的,而多数天然的环境并不完全适于人类栖居。通过持久的人工干预自然,形成不断演变和适应的地域景观风貌,构建了区域景观体系,城市存在于这个体系上并不断调适与生长。以美国东北部的查尔斯河口城市波士顿为例,从风景园林的视角,全面分析了河口城市化的过程,主要集中在区域景观体系、城市形态、工业化以及公园系统等方面,包括:河口自然环境和早期聚落、建立公园雏形波士顿公地;利用潮汐水能促进工业化发展、填地与治污推动城市扩张;构建城市尺度和大都市区域尺度两个著名的公园系统。探讨了区域景观体系作为媒介引导城市生长与城市发展的过程,为当代城市化过程中风景园林作为城市战略提供启示。The city is built and developed within the natural system, while most natural environment is not entirely suitable for human living. By everlasting human intervention with the nature, the territorial landscape gradually evolves the regional landscape system. City exists in the system and attempts to accommodate and grow up. A case study will be given on the Charles River Estuary city of Boston which located in the northeastern U.S. From the perspective of landscape architecture, this paper will do a comprehensive analysis on the process of estuary urbanism, mainly in the context of regional landscape system, urban morphology, industrialization and green park system. More specifically, it includes the estuary natural environment condition, the early settlements, the establishment of Boston Commons as park prototype, the promotion of industrial development by utilization of tidal hydrology, urban sprawl driven by landfill and pollution control, and construction of two famous urban park systems. This study explored regional landscape system evolution as medium to guide urban development, which provides enlightenment for the landscape architecture as strategies in the process of contemporary urbanization.

关 键 词：风景园林 查尔斯河口 干预 区域景观体系 媒介 波士顿 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]