沥青质热等离子体裂解热力学的分析  

Thermodynamic Analysis of Asphaltene Pyrolysis in Thermal Plasma Reactor

作　　者：程炎[1] 李天阳[1] 颜彬航[1] 程易[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学化学工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《石油化工》2015年第10期1168-1176,共9页Petrochemical Technology

基　　金：国家重大基础研究计划项目(2012CB720301);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAF08B04);中国石油科技创新基金项目(2013D-5006-0508)

摘　　要：针对重油溶剂脱沥青过程中产生的大量沥青质,提出利用热等离子体超高温的极端反应条件,实现沥青质高效处理的热化学转化方案。采用热力学分析的方法,分析额外加入氢气、清焦气体(水蒸气或二氧化碳)和共裂解烃类(甲烷、乙烷、丙烷)对于沥青质热等离子体裂解制乙炔过程气相体系的影响。分析结果表明,在2 MW热等离子体裂解中试装置上,沥青质的最优处理量约为407 kg/h,并可获得约210 kg/h的乙炔;额外加入氢气和清焦气体不利于生成乙炔,额外加入的氢气量应低于15 kg/h;清焦气体的加入量应低于50 kg/h;加入共裂解烃类,可显著提高裂解气中乙炔的含量。裂解气温度的提高、气相有效碳氢质量比的增大和惰性因子的减小是提高裂解气中乙炔含量的有效手段。The pyrolysis of asphaltene, from deasphalting process of heavy oil, with thermal plasma at ultra-high temperature was investigated, and a clean and efficient method for the asphaltene conversion was proposed. Thermodynamic analysis was carried out to study the effects of additional hydrogen, decoking gases（steam and CO2）, and co-pyrolysis hydrocarbons（methane, ethane and propane） on the pyrolysis process with thermal plasma for generating acetylene. The results showed that the optimal feed rate of asphaltene was about 407 kg/h and the corresponding acetylene yield was 210 kg/h in a pilot-plant with a 2 MW thermal plasma pyrolysis reactor. The introduction of the additional hydrogen or the decoking gases had a negative effect on the acetylene production. It was suggested that the feeding rates of both the additional hydrogen and the decoking gas should be less than 15 kg/ h and less than 50 kg/h, respectively. The introduction of the hydrocarbons could notably improve the acetylene concentration in the pyrolysis gas. Further analysis indicated that high gaseous temperature before quenching, high effective mass ratio of C/H and low inert factor were beneficial to increasing the volume fraction of acetylene in the pyrolysis gas.

关 键 词：沥青质 热等离子体 乙炔 热力学分析 

分 类 号：TE624.33[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]