海南岛白花油茶花粉形态结构的扫描电镜观察  

SEM Observation on Morphology of Pollens of Camellia oleosa Rehd. in Hainan Province

作　　者：叶洲辰 吴友根[1] 戴俊 周开兵[1] 胡新文[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学园艺园林学院,海南海口570228 [2]琼海市热带作物服务中心,海南琼海571000

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2015年第3期310-314,共5页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：海南省中药现代化专项"海南油茶新品种与高产优质配套栽培关键技术研究与示范(2015ZY24)";合作项目"琼海油茶高产优质配套栽培关键技术研究与示范"

摘　　要：对海南岛白花油茶（Camellia oleosa Rehd.）生物学特征和花粉粒形态结构进行了系统研究。结果表明：（1）海南岛白花油茶为常绿灌木或中小乔木,树皮光滑呈灰褐色,嫩枝有粗毛,单叶互生,叶片呈深绿色,革质光滑,叶形卵圆形或长圆形,先端尖,基部楔形,长5~7 cm,叶缘有锯齿,叶柄长4~8 mm,花两性白色,顶生,蒴果,种子黄褐色,具浓毛,多呈三角状卵形、半球形或球形。（2）花粉具有山茶属花粉的种属特征,总体呈长球形,具三（拟）孔沟,外壁纹饰为穴网状。花粉形状、大小和外壁纹饰与山茶属红山茶组某些种的花粉较相似,表明它们有较近的亲缘关系,与山茶属短柱茶组植物花粉形态相差较远。（3）花粉粒大小与果重呈负相关,与果形指数和产油量无相关性。Camellia oleosa Rehd. in Hainan Province is an evergreen shrub or small tree; its bark is smooth with gray brown; the twigs have some shags,dark green; leaves simple,alternate,leathery,smooth,ovate oval or oblong,apex acute,base cuneate,about 5- 7cm,margin serrate; the petioles are 4- 8 mm; the flowers are bisexual,white,and terminal,capsular; the seeds are brown and triangular ovate,hemispherical or spherical with naps. Pollen morphology of C. oleosa Rehd. collected from Hainan Province was observed by using Scanning Electron Microscope（ SEM）. C. oleosa Rehd. in Hainan Province had similar pollen morphology to the species of the genus Camellia. The pollens were generally prolate spheroidal with three colporates,and their exine sculptures were foveolate-reticulate. Moreover,the pollens had similar shape,size and exine sculpture to those of sect. Camellia（ L.） Dyer in Hook,which indicated that this species had close phylogenetic relationship with some species of the sect. Camellia of the genus Camellia. However,the pollen morphology was quite different from the sect. Paracamellia. The pollen size was negatively correlated with fruit weight,but not correlated with the fruit shape index and oil production.

关 键 词：海南岛白花油茶 生物学特征 花粉粒形态结构 亲缘关系 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]