氮肥对不同耐低氮性玉米品种干物质及氮素积累与分配的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the accumulation and allocation of dry matter and nitrogen for maize cultivars with different low nitrogen tolerance

作　　者：李强[1] 马晓君[1] 程秋博 豆攀 余东海 罗延宏[3] 袁继超[1] 孔凡磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川农业大学农学院,成都611130 [2]眉山市东坡区农业技术推广站,四川眉山620032 [3]四川省烟草公司宜宾市公司烟叶生产技术推广应用中心,四川宜宾644002

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2015年第5期527-536,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201503127);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B13);四川省科技支撑计划项目(2014NZ0040);四川省玉米产业技术体系岗位专家项目

摘　　要：选用前期筛选出的玉米耐低氮品种正红311和低氮敏感品种先玉508为试验材料,采用裂区试验在6个氮水平下研究不同耐低氮性玉米品种的生长发育、干物质及氮素积累与分配差异。结果表明:正红311各阶段干物质及氮素积累量和积累速率、各时期茎鞘和叶片干物质及氮素分配比例均高于先玉508,而先玉508雌穗干物质及氮素分配比例更高。与先玉508相比,正红311提高了各主要生育时期叶片干物质及氮素积累量与分配比例,降低了雌穗干物质及氮素积累量与分配比例。正红311营养器官较高的干物质及氮素积累与分配比例有利于其保持较高的养分吸收和干物质生产能力,延缓叶片的衰老和延长高光合速率使其产量显著高于先玉508。施氮可显著提高玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积、干物质积累、氮素吸收、产量及产量构成,而对干物质和氮素在各器官的分配比例影响较小。过量施氮不仅不利于玉米生长发育,还会使玉米收获指数显著降低,从而不利于产量的提高。正红311施氮量在180kg/hm2时产量最佳,而先玉508需要氮肥360kg/hm2才能充分发挥其产量潜力。因此对于耐低氮品种正红311可适当降低施氮量或在土壤贫瘠的丘陵山区种植以充分发挥其低氮条件下的产量优势,而低氮敏感品种先玉508则应适当增加施氮量或种植在肥沃土壤的地区以保证其高产稳产。Nitrogen is a major limiting factor on plant growth and yield formation,and a moderate amount of nitrogen fertilizers can increase crop yields every year.The tolerance to low N-fertilized level is different among maize cultivars,meanwhile the response of different maize cultivars are also significantly different under different N-fertilized levels.What＇s more,different maize cultivars have significant difference in the dry matter production and nitrogen utilization efficiency.Related researches indicate that dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of low nitrogen tolerant maize cultivars were remarkable higher than that of low nitrogen sensitive maize cultivars,besides,low nitrogen tolerant maize cultivars had larger green leaf areas to increase the nitrogen absorption in the late growth stage,and the difference of those in two types maize cultivars is mainly performed after the silking stage.A split plot experiment using the screened maize cultivars Zhenghong 311 with low nitrogen tolerance and Xianyu 508 with low nitrogen sensitivity as materials was conducted to investigate the difference of growth and development,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and allocation in different low nitrogen tolerant maize cultivars under six nitrogen levels,and the different maize cultivars（Zhenghong 311 and Xianyu 508）were used as main plot and nitrogen fertilization rate（0N-0kg/hm2,90N-90kg/hm2,180N-180kg/hm2,270N-270kg/hm2,360N-360kg/hm2 and 450N-450kg/hm2,50% base fertilizer and 50% panicle fertilizer）were used as sub-plot.The aims were to provide the theoretical and practical data for the reasonable nitrogen management of different low nitrogen tolerant maize cultivars in hilly areas.The results showed that the accumulation and allocation of dry matter and nitrogen in stem-sheath and leaf of low nitrogen tolerant Zhenghong 311 were higher than that of low nitrogen sensitivity Xianyu 508 in all stages,while the dry matter and nitrogen allocation ratio of panicle in Xianyu 508 were higher.Compared with low nitrogen s

关 键 词：氮肥 玉米 干物质 积累与分配 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]