若干重大地质环境突变的地球生物学过程  

Geobiological Processes during Some Critical Environmental Shifts in Earth History

作　　者：谢树成[1] 殷鸿福[1] 王风平[2] 宋海军[1] 储雪蕾[3] 史晓颖[4] 胡超涌[1] 王永标[5] 颜佳新[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,武汉430074 [2]上海交通大学,上海200240 [3]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [4]中国地质大学(北京)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,北京100083 [5]中国地质大学(武汉)地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,武汉430074

出　　处：《中国基础科学》2015年第4期30-34,共5页China Basic Science

基　　金：973计划(2011CB808800)

摘　　要：地球环境的变化直接关系到人类社会的可持续发展,没有对重大地质环境演变规律的全面认识,难以应对当前变化着的气候和环境。物理、化学与生命运动相互交织的动力学过程共同控制着地球环境的变迁。生命过程如何响应与反馈地球环境的变化,是地球科学领域一个亟待解决的重大科学问题。距今2.52亿年二叠纪—三叠纪之交的动物大灭绝,以及大约6亿年前埃迪卡拉纪一系列生物群的出现均显示,大气环境(如温度、氧气含量)、古海洋水化学条件(如缺氧、硫化等)是重大地质突变期直接影响或控制宏体生物的演化与发展的关键环境因素。重大地质突变期的不同地质微生物功能群不仅灵敏地记录了气候、环境与生态系统的变化乃至太阳活动,而且它们还积极参与地球环境的改造,使地球环境处于一个能够不断自我调节的状态。To adapt the changing climate and environment in modern days and in the future, we need fully establish and understand the evolution history of environmental changes in Earth history as major environmental change is known to exert a great impact on the sustainable development of our human society. It is known that the coupling dynamics of physical, chemical and biotic processes control the environmental changes, among which the responses and feedbacks of organisms to envi- ronmental changes are critical issues to be deciphered in geosciences. Here we investigate the geobiological processes in association with the faunal mass extinction across the Permian-Triassic boundary about 252 million years ago, and those related to the appearance of a se- ries of faunas in Ediacaran of Neoproterozoic in about 600 million years ago. It is proposed that the atmos- pheric conditions （i. e. , temperature, oxygen concen- tration） and the oceanic chemistry （i. e. , anoxic and euxinic conditions） show a direct impact or even control the evolution and development of macro-organisms dur- ing critical periods in Earth history. Microbial function- al groups can exhibit sensitive responses to the changes in atmosphere, environments and ecosystems as well as the solar activities. These microorganisms could further change the Earth environments via various geobiological processes, which keeps Earth shift back to a self-regu- lating state even after a global change.

关 键 词：地球生物学 全球变化 地质微生物功能群 生物大灭绝 

分 类 号：P53[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]