β-内酰胺类抗生素临床应用现状分析  

The Present Situation Analysis of Clinical Application of β-Lactam Antibiotics

作　　者：毛理纳 罗予[2] 刘娜[3] 赵汴霞 卢泽恺 马香芹 

机构地区：[1]河南医学高等专科学校,郑州451191 [2]郑州大学河南省医药科学研究院,郑州450052 [3]郑州市第一人民医院,郑州452370

出　　处：《河南医学高等专科学校学报》2015年第5期560-563,共4页Journal of Henan Medical College

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划(编号:200902014)

摘　　要：目的分析β-内酰胺类抗生素临床应用现状,为合理用药提供依据。方法调查近几年引起呼吸系统和泌尿系统感染的病原菌分离率及耐药性,根据抗菌药物使用量分析其合理性。结果革兰阴性杆菌在呼吸系统和泌尿系统感染中检出率最高,其中肺炎克雷伯菌在呼吸系统感染中检出率为17.51%,大肠艾希菌在泌尿系统感染中检出率为40.5%;其次为革兰阳性菌,第三位是真菌感染。革兰阴性菌对美罗培南、头孢哌酮、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟等药的耐药率较低。在销量、销售额前十位的药物中,第1位分别是注射用哌拉西林/舒巴坦钠0.75 g和注射用美罗培南。结论在呼吸系统和泌尿系统感染病原菌中以革兰阴性杆菌为主。本文临床用药中,耐药率较低药物,其销量、销售额较高。Objective To analyze the present situation of clinical application of β-lactam antibiotics and to provide scientific basis for clinical rational use of antimicrobial drugs. Methods We investigated the separation rate and drug resistance of pathogens that caused respiratory and urinary tract infections. The rationalization analysis was conducted according to the usage amount of antibacterial drugs. Results The detection rate of Gram negative bacilli was the highest in the pathogens from respiratory and urina- ry systems, among them the rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was 17.51% in the respiratory system and the rate of E. coli was 40.5% in the urinary system. The detection rate of G ＊ bacteria was the second. The detection rate of fungus was the third. The resistant rates of G - bacillus were relative low to Meropenem, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime and cefepime etc. From the sales amount and the sales volume among the top ten drugs, the first ones were piperacillin/sulbactam so- dium 0.759 and mer0penem respectively. Conclusion G- bacillus was the main pathogens in the re- spiratory and urinary systems. Among drugs discussed in this paper, the ones with lower resistant rates were higher in the sales amount and sales volume.

关 键 词：Β-内酰胺类抗生素 耐药率 药物经济学 药物分级 

分 类 号：R977.2[医药卫生—药品]