钱塘江涌潮观测及其动力学特性研究  

Observation and dynamic characteristics of tidal bore in Qiantang River,China

作　　者：刘文虎[1,2] 朱小华[2,1,3] 张钟哲[1] 张传正[2] 马云龙[1,2] 龙钰[2] 樊孝鹏[2] 朱泽南[2,3] 赵瑞祥[2] 任晨悦 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学海洋科技与环境学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]国家海洋局第二海洋研究所卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310012 [3]浙江大学海洋学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2015年第5期567-572,共6页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41276095;41476020;41321004;41176021;41576001);国家海洋局第二海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项(JT1402);国家海洋局第二海洋研究所SOED开放课题基金资助项目(SOED1511);卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室自主项目(SOEDZZ1403;SOEDZZ1501);辽宁省教育厅科研项目(L2012268)

摘　　要：为了研究钱塘江涌潮的动力特征,于2013年11月5—6日在钱塘江杭州段采用沿海声层析(Coastal acoustic tomography,CAT)和温盐深仪(Conductivity temperature depth,CTD)进行了涌潮观测试验。两个观测站位分别设置在沿江两岸,站间距为3050 m,试验历时26 h,成功观测到两次涌潮的全过程。结果表明:两次涌潮到来前后,由双向传播时间差计算得到的断面平均流速的变化范围分别为0.39^-1.08、0.31^-0.85 m/s(东向流为正),水位升高的最大幅度分别为1.38、1.14 m;两次涌潮通过观测站位的波速分别为-8.69、-8.43 m/s;观测断面流量的变化范围为-7753.00~3504.49 m3/s,整个试验期间的平均流量为644.14 m3/s;涌潮的弗劳德数介于1.19~1.29之间,表明观测涌潮为波状涌潮;涌潮到达前后能量的损耗率小于0.6%,符合波状涌潮的能量守恒关系。A 26-hour observation of tidal bores was carried out by a coastal acoustic tomography（ CAT） system and conductivity temperature depth （ CTD ） in two stations at both sides with a distance of 3050 m diagonally across Qiantang River from 5 to 6 November, 2013 to valuate the dynamic characteristics of tidal bore in Qiantang River, China. The range-averaged current velocities calculated from the reciprocal sound transmission data were changed from 0 . 39 m/s to -1 . 08 m/s before arrival of tidal bore with the maximal water level changes of 1 . 38 m and from 0 . 31 m/s to -0 . 85 m/s after arrival of tidal bore with the maximal water level changes of 1 . 14 m （ the positive ve-locity towards the east）. The mean phase speeds of two tidal bores were estimated to be -8. 69 m/s and -8. 43 m/s at the two stations, respectively. During the whole experiment, the volume transport was varied from-7753. 00 m3/s to 3504. 49 m3/s through the section, with a mean of 644. 14 m3/s. The Froude numbers of tidal bores were estimated to be from 1. 19 to 1. 29, indicating that the observed tidal bores were undular bore, with tidal bore energy losses of less than 0. 6%, conforming to energy conservation relations for undular bores.

关 键 词：钱塘江 涌潮 沿海声层析 动力特性 

分 类 号：P731.23[天文地球—海洋科学]