香樟凋落叶分解对牵牛花生长发育的影响及施氮的缓解效应  

Inhibition of decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on growth of Pharbitis nil and the alleviation effect of nitrogen application

作　　者：蒋雪[1] 陈洪 胡庭兴[1] 汤长潇 王茜[1] 胡红玲[1] 谢权 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院林业生态工程省级重点实验室,成都625014 [2]泸州市林业科学研究所,泸州646000 [3]平昌县林业局,巴中636600

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2015年第5期926-932,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：四川省"十二五"育种攻关项目(2011NZ0098-10);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC09B05)资助~~

摘　　要：香樟对邻体植物具有化感作用,为获得良好的园林绿化配置效果、促进科学的林地管理,采用盆栽试验探讨香樟凋落叶分解对牵牛花生长和生殖的影响,以及施氮对凋落叶分解效应的影响.试验设置对照(CK)和25 g/盆(L25)、50 g/盆(L50)、100 g/盆(L100)3个水平凋落叶处理,凋落叶分解34 d后开始施氮处理(0.39 g尿素/盆,分3次施入).结果表明:(1)凋落叶分解明显抑制了牵牛花株高、基径、叶面积和生物量的积累,其中,株高降低32.85%-83.78%,茎粗减小5.23%-23.00%,叶面积减小30.31%-58.47%,生物量降低40.34%-84.54%,且剂量越大作用越强越持久,而施氮能明显减轻牵牛花生长受抑制的现象.(2)各水平凋落叶处理后,牵牛花始花期延迟2.5-10.0 d,开花持续时间延长6.3-11.4 d,开花数量增加0.5-3.3朵,但花朵品质较之对照降低,且牵牛花种子百粒重随着凋落叶添加量的增加而减小;施氮后,上述指标在各剂量凋落叶处理间的差异很小或无差异.综合各项指标可见,香樟凋落叶分解会对牵牛花生长发育产生明显的抑制效应,这可能与香樟凋落叶分解释放有毒物质作用于牵牛花有关.In plant configuration of landscaping,herbaceous plant is often inter-planted with ornamental tree species.But unreasonable plant collocation may reduce the effectiveness of afforestation for the inhibition effect of tree on the growth of understory,and further more affect the greening effect.Camphor（Cinnamomum camphora） is widely planted in landscaping accompanying herbaceous plants including morning glory（Pharbitis nil）.But camphor was reported to have allelopathic effect on its adjacent plant,therefore correct selection and collocation of plants has important significance to obtain good greening effect.This research aimed to study by a pot experiment the effects of decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on the growth,phenological traits of Pharbitis nil,as well as modification of these effects by nitrogen application.Three application rates of C.camphora leaf litter including 25,50 and 100 g/pot（denoted by L25,L50 and L100,respectively）and a control（CK） were implemented.Nitrogen application began on the 34 th d of decomposition,with 0.39 g urea being divided into three equal portions and added continuously to each pot.The results showed that（1） The height,basal diameter,leaf area and biomass production of Pharbitis nil were all inhibited sharply by exposure to the leaf litter,being decreased by32.85%-83.78%,5.23%-23.00%,30.31%-58.47%,and 40.34%-84.54%,respectively,with the inhibition effect increasing both in intensity and stability with the increase of leaf litter.Such inhibition effect was obviously alleviated by exogenous nitrogen application.（2） The flowering dynamics of Pharbitis nil was greatly impacted by the leaf litter,with the flower initiation 2.5-10.0d later and the flowering duration 6.3-11.4 d longer compared to the control.Although the leaf litter-treated plants exhibited more（0.5-3.3） flowers than the control,their quality decreased,and the hundred-grain weight of the seed decreased with the increase of leaf litter.However,the differences among treatments in

关 键 词：香樟 凋落叶 化感效应 牵牛花 发育 施氮 

分 类 号：S681.6[农业科学—观赏园艺] S792.23[农业科学—园艺学]