河套灌区小麦套种向日葵高产节水灌溉制度  

High-yield and Water-saving Irrigation System of Interplanting Wheat with Sunflower in Hetao Irrigation District

作　　者：王立雪[1] 李晓娟[1] 张永平[1] 董玉新[1] 李宏宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2015年第10期80-87,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金(2014MS0336);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划重点项目(2011BAD29B03);内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才支持计划资助(NJYT-15-A09)~~

摘　　要：针对河套灌区水资源日益紧缺及生产中浪费严重的状况,以当前主要种植模式小麦套种向日葵为对象,以节水和高产为目标,研究不同灌溉时期及灌溉量对小麦套种向日葵经济产量、经济效益及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,小麦套种向日葵模式下,随着灌水量增加,套种小麦和向日葵及套种作物全生育期总耗水量显著增加,水分利用效率（WUE）却明显下降。套种小麦和向日葵及套种总产量、经济效益均以全生育期浇3水以上处理较高,且处理间产量差异不显著。综合分析得出,河套灌区小麦套种向日葵节水与高产相统一的耗水量为5000-6000m^3/hm^2,全生育期灌3水是小麦套种向日葵实现高产的最佳节水灌溉模式,即小麦拔节期、抽穗期、向日葵开花期灌水3次,每次灌水定额900m^3/hm^2,可实现套种小麦经济产量7000kg/hm^2、套种向日葵经济产量2800kg/hm^2以上,全生育期水分利用效率1.0kg/m^3以上的目标。Based on the increasing shortage of water resources and severe waste of water in Hetao irrigation area,the main planting pattern of intercropping wheat with sunflower as object,water-saving as aim,the effects of different irrigation stages and irrigation rates on yield,economic benefits and water use efficiency of intercropping wheat with sunflower were studied.The results showed that water consumption increased significantly with the increasing irrigation rates during the whole growth season,water use efficiency（WUE）decreased significantly with increasing irrigation rates under different irrigation treatments of planting pattern of intercropping wheat with sunflower.Meanwhile the production of interplanting wheat,sunflower and total yield under the 3times and over 3times of irrigation treatments were higher than that of others during the whole growth season,but there was no significant yield differences among the treatments,and interplanting production was not reduced significantly.The water consumption range was 5 000m^3/hm^2 to 6 000m^3/hm^2 for maintaining high-yield and water-saving of intercropping wheat with sunflower.In the whole growth period,3times of irrigation at jointing stage,heading stage of wheat and blossom period of sunflower could be the optimal selection.When the irrigation amount of 900 m^3/hm^2 was applied each time,the economic yields of wheat and sunflower increased up to 7 000kg/hm^2 and 2 800kg/hm^2,respectively,and water use efficiency also increased to 1.0kg/m^3.

关 键 词：小麦套种向日葵 节水灌溉 水分利用效率 河套灌区 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S565.5