‘马哈利’樱桃雄性不育细胞学观察  

Cytological Observation of Male Sterile in Prunus mahaleb

作　　者：李彬[1] 蔡宇良[1] 赵晓军 宛甜[1] 高天翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]铜川市园艺工作站,陕西铜川727031

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2015年第10期2007-2011,共5页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：科技部科技支撑项目(2013BAD02B03-5);唐仲英樱桃育种专项

摘　　要：运用常规石蜡切片技术,以‘马哈利’樱桃雄性不育株和可育株的花芽为试验材料,对其小孢子和雄配子体的发育过程进行观察研究,运用扫描电镜对其花药和花粉进行观察,并分析‘马哈利’樱桃雄性不育的花粉发育过程及其发生原因。结果显示:(1)不育株与可育株的花粉发育形态在花粉母细胞时期没有差别,均可形成正常四分体。(2)四分体时期之后,不育株的绒毡层细胞膨大并向药室中央挤压,接着与小孢子粘连在一起,小孢子因得不到发育所需要的物质和空间而和绒毡层一起降解消失。(3)扫描电镜观察表明:不育株花药和花粉均呈现干瘪萎缩的形状,可育株花药四腔形状明显,花粉清晰可见萌发沟。研究表明,马哈利樱桃种内存在雄性不育系类型,‘马哈利’樱桃雄性不育与绒毡层细胞异常膨大和提前程序性死亡有关,进而造成了小孢子的异常发育并发生败育现象,研究结果对于樱桃杂交育种亲本选择以及樱桃苗木繁育生产具有重要的理论指导意义。The experiment used the flower bud of Prunus mahaleb male sterile and fertile plants as experimental materials.The development of microspore and gametophyte were studied by using the method of routine paraffin section.We also used scanning electron microscope to observe the anther and pollen.The objectives of the study were to analysis the procedure of pollen development in P.mahaleb male sterility line,and to explore the reason that caused it.（1）The results showed that there are no differences between the sterile plants and the fertile plants in the period of the pollen mother cell;it meant that all the pollen mother cells could form the normal tetrad,and then the tapetal cell of the sterile plants expanded and squeezed to the central of anther chamber.（2）After tetrad stage,the tapetal cells of the sterile plant grew bigger and squeezed to the central anther cell.Then the tapetal cells would stick to the microspore,which will disappear with tapetum because the material and space that were needed for microspore＇s growth are not enough.（3）Scanning electron microscopy showed that the anther and the pollen of sterile plant both assumed mummified shapes,but the anther of fertile plant has four obvious cavities and the pollen aperture is clearly visible.The experiment clarifies that the P.mahaleb species with male sterile is related with the abnormal enlargement and the advanced procedural death of the tapetum cells,which results in microspore abnormal growth and abortive phenomenon.The research results provided us important theoretical guiding significance about cherry crossbreeding parent selection and cherry breeding seedlings production.

关 键 词：'马哈利’樱桃 雄性不育 细胞学 

分 类 号：Q253[生物学—细胞生物学] Q944.58