新疆阿勒泰地区8种生态型罗布麻光合生理及生长特性研究  

Characteristics of Photosynthetic Physiology and Growth with 8 Luobuma Ecotypes in the Apocynumand Poacynumfrom Altay of Xinjiang,China

作　　者：高鹏[1] 南志标[1] 吴永娜[2] 刘起棠 孟繁杰 肖正春[4] 段廷玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,草地农业科技学院,兰州730020 [2]甘肃省生物治疗与再生医学重点实验室,兰州大学第一医院东岗院区生物技术实验中心,兰州730000 [3]戈宝绿业有限公司,广东深圳518001 [4]南京野生植物综合利用研究院,南京210042

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2015年第10期2069-2077,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区援疆项目(201191135);公益性行业项目(农业)专项(201303057)

摘　　要：为明确新疆阿勒泰地区不同生态型罗布麻生物学性状的稳定性和差异性,以8种生态型罗布麻为材料,对其外部形态、光合生理特征及生长特性（株高、分枝数、地径和叶干重等）进行评价。结果表明：（1）除白麻宽叶外,其余生态型罗布麻在移栽3年后株型、叶型、叶色和花色等形态特征均保持稳定。（2）8种生态型的光合生理特征在不同生长时期和不同时间段存在差异;各生态型罗布麻均存在光合“午休”现象,Pn在上午时最高（17.8~30.1μmol·m-2·s-1）,中午时较上午降低6%~45%,并以白麻紫斑和大叶白麻降幅最大,白麻白花降幅最小。（3）多数生态型的Pn、Tr和Ci/Ca值与Gs的变化特征具有较好的一致性,说明光合和蒸腾“午休”主要受气孔因素影响,但白麻粉秆的光合“午休”与之不同,受非气孔因素的影响较明显。（4）相对而言,大叶白麻、白麻青秆、白麻红秆、白麻粉秆生态型为低蒸腾高光合高水分利用效率型,罗布红麻为低蒸腾低光合高水分利用效率型,白麻白花为低水分利用效率型且在上午表现为低蒸腾低光合型,而在中午和下午表现为高蒸腾高光合型,白麻紫斑则与白麻白花相反。（5）白麻粉秆和白麻白花的株高（〉110cm）、地径（〉8.2mm）、单株叶干重（〉22.6g）均较高;大叶白麻的茎节最长（〉6.5cm）。可见,多数生态型罗布麻在长期进化中形成适应其生长环境的稳定性状;白麻白花较其他生态型具有更好的耐受高光强、高温和对弱光利用的能力,而白麻紫斑、大叶白麻和白麻粉秆的这种能力较差;罗布红麻和白麻白花可作为产叶型,白麻红秆和白麻粉秆可作为产叶及产纤维型进行培育,而大叶白麻不适合在北疆种植。In this research,the biological characteristic stability,the characteristics of morphology,photosynthesis and growth of 8different ecotypes belong to Apocynumand Poacynum（common name：Luobuma）in Altay of Xinjiang were analyzed,aimed to afford scientific base for the protection and utilization of Luobuma germplasm resources.The results showed that：（1）morphological characteristics of each ecotype ofLuobuma were stable except BMK ecotype.（2）Net photosynthetic rates（Pn）of 8ecotypes of Luobuma were 17.8-30.1μmol·m-2·s-1 and 9-16μmol·m-2·s-1 at forenoon and noon,respectively.Pnwas reduced by 6%-45% at noon compared with forenoon of which BMB ecotype and BMZ ecotype given the lowest and the highest Pnvalue among the 8ecotypes of Luobuma.（3）Variation characteristics of Pn,transpiration rate（Tr）and Ci/Cavalues were consistency for most ecotypes,which showed that the＂midday depression＂was affected by stomatal conductance（Gs）.but the＂midday depression＂of BMF ecotype was affected by non-stomatal factors.（4）DBM ecotype belongs to＂high photosynthetic rate,low transpiration rate,high WUE＂,LHM ecotype belongs to ＂low photosynthetic rate,low transpiration rate,high WUE＂.BMB belongs to＂high photosynthetic rate,high transpiration rate,low WUE＂and＂low photosynthetic rate,low transpiration rate,low WUE＂at forenoon and noon,respectively.BMZ ecotype was counter to BMB ecotype.（5）The plant height（110cm）,ground diameter（8.2mm）and leaf dry weight（22.6g）of BMF and BMB ecotypes were the highest than that of other ecotypes.The internodes length of DBM ecotype was the longest（6.5cm）.The results indicated that most Luobuma ecotypes had formed stable characters for adapting to the environment in the long-term evolution.BMB ecotype had tolerance of strong highlights and high temperature and utilization of weak light.LHM and BMB ecotypes could be used to product leaves.BMF and BMH ecotypes could be used for leaf and fiber product,while DBM ecotype was not suitabl

关 键 词：罗布麻 生态型 光合生理特征 生长特性 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]