基于生物力学的舱外服对人体上肢施力能力影响预测  

Prediction of EVA Spacesuit's Influence on Human Arm Strength Capability Based on Biomechanics

作　　者：王晓东[1] 王政[1] 李昊[1] 严曲[1] 王春慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心人因工程重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2015年第5期319-325,共7页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2011CB711000);中国航天医学工程预先研究资助项目(2011SY5405002);人因工程重点实验室基金资助项目(HF2013-Z-B-02)

摘　　要：目的探索生物力学建模方法在人-舱外服作业系统工效分析中的应用,量化舱外服对人体上肢施力能力的影响。方法通过开展着常服和着舱外服两种工况下的最大施力能力实验,采集了9名受试者在8种出舱活动典型功能操作中的最大力,进而采集了9名受试者的肩关节前屈/后伸/内收/外展和肘关节弯曲/伸展的等长最大自主收缩力矩作为单关节力量限制;根据人体运动生物力学模型和人-舱外服耦合运动生物力学模型预测两种工况下,不同功能操作的肩关节力矩和肘关节力矩随手部操作力的变化规律,进而根据每个受试者的单关节力量限制预测两种工况下的功能操作最大力;对比预测力量和实测力量,验证模型预测结果的正确性。结果两种工况下预测力量和实测力量果具有很高的一致性,模型预测的着舱外服人体不同位置施力能力下降规律与实际测量一致,但预测的下降率小于实测下降率。结论本研究建立的人-舱外服生物力学建模方法和基于单关节力量限制的施力能力预测原理,能在一定程度上预测不同操作位置舱外服对人体上肢施力能力的影响,拓展了人-舱外服作业系统工效分析方法。Objective To study the application of biomechanical modeling methods in ergonomic assessment of human-EVA spacesuit working system and quantify the influence of EVA spacesuit on human arm strength capability. Methods Strength capability experiments were carried out in 9 subjects under both EVA spacesuit-unsuited and suited condition to collect the max force in 8 different functional tasks and the single joint isometric strength including the shoulder flexion / extension / adduction / abduction and the elbow flexion / extension.Based on the biomechanical simulation of these 8 functional tasks in unsuited and suited conditions for each subject,the relationship between the shoulder / elbow joint torque and the operation force on hand was established. Based on the relationship and the single joint isometric strength limit,the maximum hand operation force in functional tasks was predicted as the max strength capability for each subject. Then the predicted strength capability was compared with the measured max force for model validation. Results The predicted strength capability corresponded well with the measured force in both unsuited and suited condition. The way that the strength capability declined in different operation positions under suited condition was well predicted,while the predicted decline rate was lower than that of the measured. Conclusion The biomechanical modeling methods for modeling human-EVA spacesuit interaction and the strength capability prediction theory are effective for predicting the influence of EVA spacesuit on human arm strength capability in different postures and positions,which contributes to human factors analysis of human-EVA spacesuit working system.

关 键 词：生物力学建模 舱外航天服 施力能力 工效学 

分 类 号：R852.81[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]