套种模式对油茶生长及根际土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of interplanting pattern on the forest and rhizosphere soil physical and chemical properties of Camellia oleifera

作　　者：冯金玲[1] 郑新娟[1] 杨志坚[1] 陈世品[1] 陈辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2015年第4期324-330,共7页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20123515110010);福建省科技平台建设项目(2010N2001);福建省农业科技重大项目(2010N5006);福建省教育厅科研基金(JA12115)

摘　　要：研究5种套种模式(分别套种毛豆、花生、绿豆、四季豆及覆草)下油茶成年林及根际土壤理化性质的变化。结果表明:5种套种模式均显著改善了根际土壤理化性质,增强了油茶生长及结果能力。5种套种模式的土壤容重比对照减少了0.07-0.21 g·cm-3,其中绿豆套种模式最小;非毛管孔隙度以毛豆套种模式最高;毛管孔隙度以花生套种模式最高;总孔隙度以绿豆套种模式最高,且绿豆、毛豆及花生套种模式的总孔度均超过50%。说明绿豆、毛豆、花生套种模式可以增加油茶林根际土壤的通透性。土壤含水率、毛管持水量、最大持水量及田间持水量都是绿豆套种模式最高,覆草套种模式最差,说明绿豆套种模式涵养水源功能最强。土壤p H变化范围在3.47-5.02之间;土壤有机质、全氮、全钾及速效钾含量,毛豆套种模式最大;全磷含量,覆草套种模式最高,其次是毛豆套种模式;有效磷含量,四季豆套种模式最高,其次是毛豆套种模式。说明毛豆套种模式可以提高油茶林的根际土壤养分。相关性分析得出栽培油茶最重要的2个因素是水分和土壤通气状况。综上所述,油茶林下套种绿豆和毛豆有利于保持和提高油茶成年林的生长及土壤理化性质。In this paper, taking the five interplanting patterns which are soybean, peanut, mung bean, kidney bean and the covering grass as test objects, the experiment is to explore the effects of different interplanting pattern on the growth and productivity of Camellia oleifera Abel., and on rhizosphere soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that five kinds of interplanting patterns improved soil properties, enhanced the growth and product ability of C. oleifera. Compared to the control, soil bulk density of the five modes decreased 0.07 -0.21 g＂ cm-3, and which of mung bean mode was minimal; the noncapillary poropsity of soybean mode was highest; the capillary porosity of peanut mode was the highest ; the highest total porosity was mung bean pattern, and the total porosities of soybean, peanut, mung bean were more than 50%. Obviously, patterns of soybean, peanut, mung bean increased the soil＇s permeability. Soil moisture, capillary capacity, maximum water holding capacity and field capacity were all highest in the mung mode in which water conservation was most powerful, but were the lowest value in the coveting grass mode. Interplanting changed soil pH value which ranged between 3.47 and 5.02. Soil organic matter content, total N, total K and available potassium were largest in soybean mode. Total P was highest in the coveting grass mode, and was second in soybean mode. Available phosphorus was largest in kidney bean mode, and was second in soybean. These showed that soybean mode can improve rhizosphere soil nutrient in adult C. oleifera forest. The correlation analysis indicated that soil water condition and soil aeration were the two most important factors during cultivation of C. oleifera forest. All above results showed that interplanting mung beans and peas maintained and improved soil physical and chemical properties and the growth of C. oleifera.

关 键 词：生态栽培 油茶 根际 土壤物理化学性质 

分 类 号：S750[农业科学—森林经理学]