外来物种白灰毛豆(Tephrosia candida)繁殖生物学研究  

Reproductive Biology of Tephrosia candida

作　　者：赵怀宝[1] 张燕[2] 袁文豪[2] 甘丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]琼州学院热带生态环境保护学院,海南三亚572022 [2]琼州学院热带生物与农学院,海南三亚572022

出　　处：《琼州学院学报》2015年第5期81-85,共5页Journal of Qiongzhou University

基　　金：琼州学院学科带头人和博士启动基金资助项目(QYXB201204);三亚市院地合作项目(2013YD38);地方高校省级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(20130125);琼州学院开放实验项目(2014QYKY059)

摘　　要：外来物种入侵已成为全球关注的生态问题.作为一类外来物种,白灰毛豆在我省公路边坡植被恢复中有一定的应用,其种群也呈现出快速蔓延的趋势.繁殖生物学特性是外来入侵植物的重要特征之一.本文对白灰毛豆花期及传粉媒介、花部结构及花粉生活力、传粉方式与结实特征以及种子萌发特征进行研究.结果表明:(1)单花花期为1至3天,花序花期为25天左右,常年开花,但是主要集中在9月底至来年1月中旬,访花昆虫主要有蚂蚁和蚜虫.(2)白灰毛豆翼瓣的平均宽度为2.8cm,平均长度为3cm,龙骨瓣的平均宽度为1.3cm,平均长度为2.8cm.柱头的平均长度为3.1cm,雄蕊的平均长度为2.8cm.雌雄蕊高度差为3cm,花丝数量为10个.花序平均长度为9.65cm.蜜露的含糖量为32.7%.花粉生活力常温下为2天.(3)白灰毛豆自花授粉和异花授粉并存,单花结果率为60%,千粒重21.5g,单株种子数量平均达到756粒.(4)其种子在5℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃下萌发率分别达到10%,35%,45%,25%,20%.20℃萌发率最高,随着温度升高萌发率有所下降,30℃仅为20%,高温抑制其萌发.Ecological invasion is becoming increasingly severe in China. Tephrosia candida thriving on expressway slope is one of the alien species. The reproductive biology- the basis of judgment to determine whether a plant is an invasive plant- is one of the important characteristics of invasive plants. The current research on the four aspects- incentives and media lime of pollen of flowering,floral structure and pollen viability,reproduction,and seed characteristics- shows the results as follows：（ 1） The florescence of the single flower is 1- 3 days,inflorescence is about 25 days,flowering all the year around. The period of main focus extends from the end of this September to the mid- January of the next year.The sugar of honeydew is 32. 7%,and ants and aphids is the two kinds of main pollinators.（ 2） Pollen viability is 2 days. The width of petal is 2. 8cm,and the length 3cm,the width of keel 1. 3cm,the average length 2. 8cm,the length of stigmas 3. 1cm,and the length of stamen 2. 8cm. The altitude difference between pistil and stamen is 3cm. The filaments are 10 cm long. The length of inflorescence is 9. 65 cm.（ 3） The pollination is self- pollination and cross- pollination,the percentage of the result is 60%,grain weight is 21. 5g,the number of seeds per plant is 756.（ 4） The germination rate of seeds at 5℃,15℃,20℃,25℃,30℃ is 10%,35%,45%,25%,20% respectively. The germination rate is the highest at 20℃. The germination rate decreases as the temperature increases,only 20% at 30℃- high- temperature suppresses the germination.

关 键 词：外来物种 白灰毛豆 繁殖生物学 

分 类 号：Q948.118[生物学—植物学]