硅钙镁磷钾肥用量对油菜产量及磷钾吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Silicon, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Rates on Rape Yield and Utilization of Phosphorus and Potassium

作　　者：李敏[1,2,3] 叶舒娅[1,3] 刘枫[1,3] 郭熙盛[1,3] 黄义德[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,合肥230031 [2]安徽农业大学,合肥230036 [3]安徽养分循环与资源环境省级实验室,合肥230031

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第30期114-118,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"缓控释肥产业化技术集成与示范"(2011BAD11B02);安徽省科技厅项目"安徽养分循环与资源环境省级实验室绩效考核补助"(1406c085025);复合肥料国家地方联合工程研究中心项目

摘　　要：为探讨硅钙镁磷钾肥在油菜上施用效果,于2013—2014年在安徽省通过采用田间小区试验,研究了硅钙镁磷钾肥不同用量与习惯施肥磷钾减半（CF2）配合施用对油菜产量、磷钾吸收利用及土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,施用硅钙镁磷钾肥较习惯施肥能够有效提高油菜产量,且随着施用量的增加而增大,比习惯施肥（CF1）增产4.0%~20.8%,比习惯施肥（CF1和CF2）磷钾减半（CF2）增产10.2%~28.0%。施用硅钙镁磷钾肥通过提高每荚粒数来增加油菜产量。油菜籽粒磷、钾含量和吸收量随硅钙镁磷钾肥施用量增加而不断增大,用量达到1500 kg/hm2（T100）高于农民习惯施肥处理。施用硅钙镁磷钾肥能够有效提高土壤p H、有效钙和有效镁含量,而对土壤有机质和碱解氮含量无明显影响。硅钙镁磷钾肥合理施用可以明显提高油菜产量、磷钾养分吸收和收获后土壤养分含量,硅钙镁磷钾肥用量以1500 kg/hm2（T100）在油菜上施用效果最佳。In order to explore the application effect of silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassiumfertilizer on rape, a field plot experiment was conducted during 2013-2014 in Anhui Province to investigatethe effects of silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on the rape yield, utilization ofphosphorus and potassium and soil nutrient contents. The results showed that in comparison with farmerpractice fertilizer（CF1） and farmer practice fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium halving（CF2）, silicon,calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could increase yield of rape. And the yield was 4.0%-20.8% and 10.2%-28.0% more than that of CF1 and CF2, respectively. Silicon, calcium, magnesium,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could increase the number of seeds per pod. With the increasing of theapplication amount, contents and uptake amounts of phosphorus and potassium in grain increased, and theapplication of 1500 kg/hm2（T100） was higher than farmer fertilizer practice. Silicon, calcium, magnesium,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could increase soil available calcium, available magnesium and p H, but had no significant effects on soil organic matter and available nitrogen content. It suggested that the yield ofrape, phosphorus and potassium absorption and soil nutrient contents could be significantly improved by therational application of silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, which was1500 kg/hm2（T100）.

关 键 词：硅钙镁磷钾肥 油菜 产量 磷钾利用 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学] S511.21[农业科学—农业基础科学]