The Qingzang Movement: The major uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau  

作　　者：LI JiJun ZHOU ShangZhe ZHAO ZhiJun ZHANG Jun 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education of China & College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University [2]Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing Normal University [3]School of Geography, South China Normal University

出　　处：《Science China Earth Sciences》2015年第11期2113-2122,共10页中国科学（地球科学英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41330745,41171014&41271017);the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

摘　　要：Thirty-five years ago, the idea of a young Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was proposed based on a comprehensive investigation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This hypothesis suggested that the plateau began to rise from a planation surface （relict surface） that was less than 1000 m high formed during the Miocene to Pliocene. The fast uplift, i.e., the Qingzang Movement, began since -3.6 Ma, evidenced by massive molasse deposits around the plateau margin and the synchronous occurrence of faulted basins within the plateau. However, later studies challenged this idea and suggested earlier （8, 14 or 35 Ma） formation of the huge plateau topography. Here we reevaluate the Qingzang Movement on the basis of our previous results and in light of new studies in the recent decades. The plateau margin has been subjected to intensive incision by very large drainages and shows the landscape characteristics of an ＂infant＂ stage of the geomorphological cycle. However, these drainages were not formed until 1.7-1.9 Ma; headwater erosion has not yet reached the hinterland of the plateau, so the interior of Tibet is free of significant erosion despite its lofty elevation, and remains an ＂old stage＂ landform. If the mean erosion rate is equivalent to the sum of clastic and soluble discharges of the modern rivers draining the Tibetan Plateau, it should have been worn down to a lowland within 8.6 Ma, ignoring tectonic uplift and isostasy. The massive conglomerate around the plateau margin began to deposit at about 3.6 Ma, indicating an increased relief after that time. Furthermore, the Hipparion fauna sites were widely distributed, and elephants, giraffes, and rhinos were abundant in the Qaidam Basin until the early Pliocene. Cenozoic climate change alone is not able to account for the dense occurrence of Hipparion fauna, unless the paleo-elevation of Tibet was lowered. The rise of Tibet since the Qingzang Movement has had a great influence on the Asian interior aridification.35 年以前，一个年轻 Qinghai 西藏的高原的想法在 Qinghai 西藏的高原上基于全面调查被建议。这个假设建议高原开始从是高形成在期间的不到 1000 m 的均夷作用表面(寡妇表面) 升起了对上新世中新世。快高举，即， Qingzang 运动，自从 ~ ，开始了 3.6 妈，在高原以内在高原边缘和指责的盆的同步出现附近由巨大的 molasse 存款证实了。然而，以后的研究质问了这个想法并且更早建议了(8， 14 或 35 妈) 巨大的高原地形学的形成。这里，我们重新估计 Qingzang 运动根据我们的以前的结果并且考虑到在最近的十年的新研究。高原边缘被很大的排水受到了集中的切口并且显示出 geomorphological 周期的一个婴儿阶段的风景特征。然而，这些排水没被形成直到 1.71.9 妈；headwater 侵蚀还没到达了高原的内地因此尽管有它的高耸的举起，西藏的内部没有重要侵蚀，并且仍然是旧阶段地形。如果吝啬的侵蚀率等价于排干西藏的高原的现代的河的碎屑状、可溶的分泌物的和，它应该被穿了在下面，忽略在 8.6 妈以内的一块低地构造高举并且均衡。在高原边缘附近的巨大的集团企业在大约 3.6 妈开始了到沉积物，显示在那时间以后的增加的消除。而且， Hipparion 动物志地点广泛地被散布，并且大象，长颈鹿，和犀牛充满 Qaidam 盆直到早上新世。新生代气候变化独自不能说明 Hipparion 动物志的稠密的出现，除非西藏的 paleo 举起被降低。自从 Qingzang 运动，西藏的上升在亚洲内部 aridification 上有大影响。

关 键 词：Tibetan Plateau Qingzang Movement main planation surface MOLASSE ARIDIFICATION 

分 类 号：P542[天文地球—构造地质学]