催化裂化装置外取热器存在问题及应对措施  

Common Problems with External Heat Collectors of FCC Units and Countermeasures

作　　者：曹春燕[1] 王明东[1] 周志航[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化洛阳分公司,河南洛阳471012

出　　处：《中外能源》2015年第10期88-91,共4页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：洛阳石化2号催化裂化装置经过改造,取热系统切除了取热盘管,只保留了外取热器。当汽油吸附脱硫装置开工后,为谋求最大的重油转化能力,催化裂化装置重新回到原来的重油加工模式,进料开始掺炼减压渣油。为了实现最大化掺炼减压渣油的目标,装置取热负荷增加,外取热系统的运行情况决定了该装置的实际运行效益。实际运行过程中,出现外取热器流化难、易死床、半凉半热等问题,影响装置的取热效果,限制了装置掺炼减压渣油的能力。经过操作优化,首先投用全部的流化风,停止提升风,实现单器流化,解决了产汽突然为零的问题;然后投用提升风,实现了外取热器的部分循环量流化,保证了外取热器的平稳产汽,达到掺炼减压渣油的目的。分析认为,影响外取热器的关键部件是流化风环,其直接决定了外取热器的取热工况。建议对流化风环的结构进行适当改造,确保流化风环质量,降低检修难度。In an upgrade of its No. 2 catalytic cracking unit, Sinopec Luoyang Company removed the heat collecting coils of the heat collecting system and only retained the external heat collector.After the gasoline adsorption desulfurization unit went into operation,in order to maximize the capacity of converting heavy oil,the company put the FCC unit back into the original mode of processing heavy oil,with the feedstock blended with vacuum residuum.In order to achieve the objective of maximizing the use of vacuum residuum in blending,the company increased the heat collecting load of the unit.As a result,the operation of the external heat collecting system dictated the economic returns on the unit.Some problems were detected in actual operation of the unit,including difficulty in the fluidization of the external heat collector,ease of experiencing fluidization interruption and incomplete cooling.This has affected the unit ′s heat collecting effect and ability of processing feedstock blended with vacuum residuum.In an operational optimization,firstly,all fluidizing air was brought into use and elevating air was shut off,thus achieving single-heat collector fluidization and offering a solution to the issue of abrupt stoppage of steam production.Secondly,elevating air was brought into use,achieving the fluidization of partial circulation volume of the external heat collector and ensuring a stable production of steam at the external heat collector.Analysis shows that the key component affecting the exter-nal heat collector is the fluidization air ring,which directly dictates the operating conditions of the external heat collector.This article suggests revamping the structure of the fluidization air ring and ensuring the quality of the device to reduce overhaul difficulty.

关 键 词：催化裂化装置 外取热器 流化风环 应对措施 

分 类 号：TE96[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]