汶川地震灾区学生创伤后压力反应调查  

Post-traumatic stress disorder among students after Wenchuan Earthquake in China

作　　者：郑璐璐[1] 魏青[1] 邓晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都大学师范学院,四川610000

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2015年第10期1500-1502,1506,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：四川省软科学研究计划项目(2012ZR0139);四川省教育厅人文社会科学重点研究基地"应用心理学研究中心"项目(CXSL-0100104)

摘　　要：目的考察青川地震4 a后灾区学生的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)特征及变化,为开展地震灾区学生的心理辅导和干预提供依据。方法采用事件影响量表对青川地区8所中小学的1 326名学生进行问卷调查。结果灾区学生仍存在着在不同程度的PTSD症状(发生率为32.9%);回避因子、高唤醒因子和侵袭因子得分两两之间有统计学意义(r23=0.653,r24=0.779,r34=0.731,P<0.01);多元方差分析表明,性别和学段对高唤醒因子和回避因子的交互作用有统计学意义(M男-高唤醒=12.978,M女-高唤醒=14.353,P<0.01;M男-回避=8.186,M女-回避=9.996,P<0.01);学段对IES-R各维度得分的主效应显著,回避、高唤醒和侵袭因子得分随着年级的升高而升高[Wilks'λ=0.871,F(6,2440)=29.023,P<0.01]。结论地震4 a后灾区学生的PTSD症状有一定性别和学段差异,但总体而言其症状程度较震后6个月内的测量结果有所缓解。Objective To investigate posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） among students 4 years after Sichuan earthquake. Methods Impact of Event Scale-Revised （IES-R） was administered among 1500 students who were from 8 primary/middle schools in Qingchuan area. Results Students still had some degree of PTSD （ 32.9% ） ; Subscales of avoidance, hyper-arousal and intrusion correlated with each other （ r23 = 0.653, r24 = 0.779, r34 = 0.731, P〈0.01 ）. MANOVA revealed significant interaction between gender and grade on avoidance and hyper-arousal （Wilks＇ λ =0.976, F（6, 2440） = 5.039,P〈0.01 ） ; Gender difference became more prominent among senior middle school students than those from primary and junior middle school （ M male-hyperarousal = 12.978, M female-hyperarousal = 14.353,P〈0.01 ; M male-avoidance = 8.186, M female-avoidance = 9.996, P〈0.01 ）. Significant main effects of grade on all dimensions of IES-R were found, and subscale scores of avoidance, hyper-arousal and intrusion increased with grade （ Wilks＇ λ = 0.871, F（6,2440） = 29.023,P〈0.01 ） .Conclusion Four years after the earthquake, student survivors still present some degree of PTSD. Female students and senior students may be at greater risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder.

关 键 词：自然灾害 创伤和损伤 压力 学生 

分 类 号：B845.67[哲学宗教—心理学] R395.6[医药卫生—医学心理学]