为涂尔干的法律演化理论声辩  

A Defense for Durkheim's Legal Evolution Theory

作　　者：张强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学

出　　处：《北方法学》2015年第5期139-149,共11页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目"卡尔.施密特具体秩序思维研究及其对我国法治建设的启示"(项目编号15XNH016)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：涂尔干从社会学角度勾画出从压制性法到恢复性法的演化路径,学者们从理论与经验层面对其进行了批评与检验。理论层面的批评集中在道德法律同一论、法律演化理论的虚构性及其具体内容的缺漏三方面;经验层面的检验则对从压制性法到恢复性法的演化顺序提出了挑战。其实,理论层面的批评忽略了法律演化理论的道德批判目的并遗漏了文本细节,而经验层面的检验存在方法论上的局限并误读了涂尔干的理论。涂尔干注重理论建构而对事实作简化处理,确保了理论体系的明确性,为当下中国的法社会学研究树立了典范。Durkheim has outlined an evolution path from repressive laws to restorative laws from a sociological perspective,which has been criticized and tested by scholars from both aspects of theory and experience. Theoretical criticisms focus on three aspects of the identity of law and morality,the fiction of legal evolution theory and its shortcomings in details; while the empirical tests have challenged the evolution path from repressive laws to restorative laws. In fact,theoretical criticisms have ignored the purpose of moral criticism for legal evolution theory and have omitted many details of texts; and the empirical tests have limitations on methodology and have misread Durkheim＇s theory. Durkheim has emphasized theoretical construction and has simplified facts to ensure the clarity of his theoretical system,setting up a model demonstration for the present research on legal sociology in China.

关 键 词：法律演化理论 压制性法 恢复性法 

分 类 号：DF0[政治法律—法学理论]