公共突发事件的国家救助:标准确定与制度改革  

Standard determination and system reform in government's assistance for public emergencies

作　　者：林鸿潮[1] 侯佳儒[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法治政府研究院,北京100088 [2]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2015年第10期2621-2629,共9页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(90924028);国家社科基金(13CFX070);北京高等学校青年英才计划项目

摘　　要：在我国的公共突发事件中,国家提供的救助目前是补偿受害者损失的最重要途径.通过回归分析发现,在常规突发事件中,国家救助的标准主要由财政能力、居民消费水平、救助对象的数量和救助对象的需求决定.但在非常规突发事件中,救助标准往往畸高,且脱离财政能力、居民消费水平、救助对象的数量等因素.基于其他因素的差别化标准容易得到解释,而基于事件特殊性的差别化标准只能通过引入公共利益的视角才能证明其正当性.尽管如此,这种例外必须在立法上事先获得概括性的授权,并被限制在极小的范围内,同时界定好国家救助与保险赔付、民事侵权诉讼之间的关系.The assistance provided by government is the most important way for victims of emergencies to compensate their loss in China. By means of regression correlation analysis, it is found that the standard of government＇s assistance rest with fiscal capacity, consumer price index, the number of recipients and the assistance need of each recipient. But in unconventional emergencies, the standards of assistance are often unusually high and irrelevant to fiscal capacity, consumer price index and the number of recipients. It is easy to explain the different assistance standards based on other factors, otherwise, the legitimacy of the difference based on the type of emergencies can only be proved by introducing the public interest perspec- tive. Even though, such exceptions should acquire the recapitulative authorization by law in advance and be limited in a very small scale. Furthermore, the relationship among government＇s assistance, insurance claims and tort actions should also be clarified.

关 键 词：非常规突发事件 国家救助 标准 制度改革 

分 类 号：D632.5[政治法律—政治学]