乙烯利和氮肥对夏玉米氮素吸收与利用及产量的调控效应  

Effect of Ethephon and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Uptake, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Summer Maize

作　　者：叶德练 王玉斌[1] 周琳[1] 李建民[1] 段留生[1] 张明才[1] 李召虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]植物生长调节剂教育部工程研究中心/中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《作物学报》2015年第11期1701-1710,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA10A206)资助

摘　　要：以玉米品种“郑单958”为材料，在大田条件下，研究了乙烯利（0和180 g hm–2）和氮肥水平（0、75、150和225 kg N hm–2）对夏玉米产量、氮素吸收和利用以及SPAD值的影响。结果表明，乙烯利处理显著降低了氮吸收量和吸收效率，但显著提高氮利用效率，其中乙烯利处理氮农学效率比对照提高了32.7%~34.6%，而且乙烯利处理对玉米产量及其产量构成因素没有显著影响；随着施氮量增加，夏玉米产量、产量构成因素和氮吸收量显著增加，而氮吸收效率、氮利用效率、氮偏生产力和氮农学效率随之降低，其中225 kg N hm–2处理氮吸收量比0 kg N hm–2处理提高了68.4%~91.8%，但225 kg N hm–2和150 kg N hm–2处理之间的氮吸收量差异不显著。乙烯利和氮肥对氮吸收量、氮吸收效率和氮农学效率具有互作效应。喷施乙烯利和增施氮肥均能提高灌浆期穗位叶 SPAD 值，但两者之间没有互作效应。通过相关性分析表明，夏玉米产量与吐丝期氮吸收量、收获期氮吸收量、灌浆期穗位叶SPAD值显著正相关。A field experiment using maize hybrid Zhengdan 958 was conducted to study effect of ethephon （0 and 180 g ha–1） and nitrogen fertilizer （0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha–1） on summer maize yield and yield components, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use and SPAD value. The results showed that ethephon significantly decreased nitrogen uptake and N uptake efficiency, whereas markedly increased N utilization efficiency. N agronomic efficiency under ethephon treatment was 32.7%–34.6% more than that under con-trol, and ethephon had no negative effect on maize yield and yield components. With increase nitrogen fertilizer of application, maize yield, yield components and nitrogen uptake were increased, but N uptake efficiency, N utilization efficiency, N partial factor productivity and N agronomic efficiency were decreased. Nitrogen uptake under 225 kg N ha–1 treatment was 68.4%–91.8% more than that under 0 kg N ha–1. However there was no difference for nitrogen uptake between 225 kg N ha–1 and 150 kg N ha–1 treatments. Significant effect of ethephon × nitrogen was observed on nitrogen uptake, N uptake efficiency and N agronomic efficiency. Ethephon as well as higher nitrogen rate increased SPAD value of ear leaf during grain filling stage, while there was no significant interaction between ethephon and nitrogen fertilizer on SPAD value. Correlation analysis indicated that summer maize yield was significantly positively correlated with nitrogen uptake at silking stage and harvest stage and with SPAD value of ear leaf.

关 键 词：夏玉米 乙烯利 氮肥利用 SPAD 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]