甬优系列籼粳杂交稻氮肥群体最高生产力的优势及形成特征  

Advantages and Their Formation Characteristics of the Highest Population Productivity of Nitrogen Fertilization in Japonica/Indica Hybrid Rice of Yongyou Series

作　　者：孟天瑶 许俊伟[1] 邵子彬 葛梦婕[1] 张洪程[2,1] 魏海燕[2,1] 戴其根[2,1] 霍中洋[2,1] 许轲[2,1] 郭保卫[2,1] 荆培培[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学/江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点,江苏扬州225009 [2]农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2015年第11期1711-1725,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B03);江苏省农业科技自主创新项目[CX(12)1003-9];国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102)资助

摘　　要：以长江下游地区大面积种植的4种类型（籼粳杂交稻、常规粳稻、杂交粳稻和杂交籼稻）水稻品种中有代表性的品种为材料,设置6个氮肥水平（0、187.5、225.0、262.5、300.0、337.5 kg hm–2）,比较研究其氮肥群体最高生产力及其产量构成、关键生育阶段天数、主要生育时期的叶面积指数和干物重。结果表明：（1）杂交籼稻获得最高生产力对应的施氮量为225.0~262.5 kg hm–2,常规粳稻为300.0 kg hm–2,杂交粳稻和籼粳杂交稻为262.5~300.0 kg hm–2。（2）氮肥群体最高生产力以籼粳杂交稻最高,达12.2（12.0~12.3） t hm–2,较杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高出6.6%、9.8%和19.6%（两年平均值）。群体颖花量和每穗粒数均以籼粳杂交稻最高,但其每穗粒数年度间波动较大。穗数和结实率以常规粳稻最高。（3）播种至抽穗期天数以杂交粳稻最长,抽穗至成熟期天数则以籼粳杂交稻最长,达60 d左右。全生育期天数呈杂交粳稻〉常规粳稻〉籼粳杂交稻〉杂交籼稻。两年中日产量以籼粳杂交稻最高。（4）籼粳杂交稻在抽穗、抽穗后20 d和成熟期的叶面积指数和干物重均显著高于另外3种类型品种,且抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量也最高。此外,籼粳杂交稻在拔节至抽穗期以及抽穗至成熟期的光合势显著高于另外3种类型品种。较多的每穗粒数、较长的灌浆期天数以及较高的日产量、生育后期（抽穗至成熟期）较强的光合物质生产能力是籼粳杂交稻氮肥群体最高生产力形成的重要原因和基础。A field experiment was conducted using the representative varieties of four types （indica/japonica hybrid rice, inbred japonica rice, hybridjaponica rice, and hybrid indica rice） to achieve the highest rice yield for each variety that is defined as the highest population productivity of N fertilization at six nitrogen fertilization levels （0, 187.5, 225.0, 262.5, 300.0, and 337.5 kg ha–1）. On this basis, the differences in yield components, duration of main growth stages, dry matter weight, and leaf area index at main growth stages for four types were studied. The results were as follows： （1） The highest grain yield rice was achieved under 225.0–262.5 kg ha–1 nitrogen application for hybridindica, 300.0 kg ha–1 for inbredjaponica rice, 262.5–300.0 kg ha–1 for hybrid japonica rice and 262.5–300.0 kg ha–1 forindica/japonica hybrid rice. （2） The population productivity ofindica/japonica hybrid rice was the highest, followed by hybridjaponica rice, inbredjaponica rice, and hybridindica rice.Indica/japonica hybrid rice had more spikelets and spikelets per panicle, but great fluctuation was observed in number of spikelets per panicle across two years. Inbredjaponica rice had more panicles and higher seed-setting rate while hybridjaponica rice had the highest 1000-grain yield weight. （3） The longest duration from sowing to heading stages was observed for hybridjaponica rice. The duration from heading to maturity ofindica/japonica hybrid rice was about 60 d, which was significantly higher than that of other three variety types. Grain yield per day of japonica/indica hybrids was the highest among the four variety types in two years. （4） The dry matter weight and leaf area index at heading, 20 d after heading, and maturity stage of indica/japonica hybrid rice were higher higher than thoes of other three variety types. As for dry matter accumulation, indica/japonica hybrid rice was the highest from heading to maturity stage. Moreover, the leaf area duration from jointing to heading

关 键 词：甬优系列 籼粳杂交稻 氮肥群体最高生产力 形成特征 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]