超高温陶瓷前驱体合成研究进展  

Review on the Preparation of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Precursors

作　　者：邱文丰[1] 叶丽[1] 韩伟健[1] 赵彤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院化学研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2015年第10期751-761,782,共11页Materials China

基　　金：科技部973计划项目(2010CB934705;2012 CB933201)

摘　　要：耐超高温陶瓷基复合材料是一类可经受超高音速长时间、跨大气层飞行和再入等极端环境的新型热防护材料,超高温陶瓷前驱体是其关键基础原材料。目前,超高温陶瓷前驱体已经从溶胶凝胶路线发展到聚合物路线,从单独氧化物陶瓷发展到碳化物、硼化物和氮化物等多种陶瓷种类,从纯相陶瓷发展到多元复相陶瓷,这些研究结果有力支撑了应用部门的研制工作。综述了近年来国内外在超高温陶瓷前驱体制备及陶瓷化过程表征领域的研究进展。面向未来,超高温陶瓷前驱体研究将向无氧前驱体路线和多元复相前驱体方向发展,并逐步完善前驱体和陶瓷产物的评价表征体系。Fiber reinforced ultra-high temperature ceramics matrix composites （CMCs） are potential candidates for ther- mal protection system in hypersonic vehicles because of their excellent and unique combination of high melting points, good thermal-shock resistance and superior ablation/oxidation resistance. Ceramic precursors, determining manufacture cycles and performance of CMCs, are key raw materials. Preparation and characterization of ultra-high temperature ceramic precursors were reviewed in this article. So far, the development of ultra-high temperature ceramics has extended from sol- gel to polymer precursor method, from refractory metal oxides to carbides, borides and nitrides, from single phase to com- posite ceramics. In future, oxygen-free ceramic precursors and composite ceramic precursors will be the main direction, in addition, the characterization of the precursors and their derived ceramics should also be emphasized.

关 键 词：超高温 陶瓷基复合材料 前驱体 合成 表征 

分 类 号：TB321[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TQ174.75[化学工程—陶瓷工业]