基于遥感的农业用水效率评价方法研究进展  

Review of Remote Sensing-based Assessment Method for Irrigation and Crop Water Use Efficiency

作　　者：尚松浩[1] 蒋磊[1] 杨雨亭 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织水土研究所

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第10期81-92,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51479090);'十二五'国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2013BAB05B03)

摘　　要：遥感技术的发展为区域尺度蒸散发计算、作物分布识别及估产提供了一条有效途径,为基于遥感信息的灌区灌溉水利用效率及作物水分利用效率定量评价奠定了基础。回顾总结了遥感蒸散发模型、瞬时蒸散发升尺度方法、日蒸散发插值方法、作物分布识别方法及作物估产模型的研究进展,评述了遥感蒸散发及作物估产结果在灌区灌溉水利用效率及作物水分利用效率评价中的应用情况。提出了相关领域需要进一步研究的问题,包括适合非均匀下垫面特点且具有较强物理基础的灌区遥感蒸散发模型、日蒸散发插值中灌溉或降雨引起土壤含水量突变情况的处理、农田蒸散发中灌溉水有效消耗量的准确估算、能适应复杂种植结构并且适用于多年的作物分布遥感识别模型以及精度较高且可操作性强的遥感估产模型等。Advances in remote sensing（ RS） technology provide an effective approach for the estimation of regional evapotranspiration,crop classification and yield,which lays the foundation for the quantitative assessment of irrigation efficiency and crop water use efficiency. Relevant models and methods were reviewed, including RS-based evapotranspiration models, upscaling methods of instantaneous evapotranspiration to daily evapotranspiration,interpolation methods of available daily evapotranspiration,RS-based crop classification methods and crop yield estimation models,and assessment methods for irrigation efficiency and crop water use efficiency based on evapotranspiration and crop yield estimations.Furthermore, key issues that require further investigation were proposed, including RS-based evapotranspiration model with strong physical bases and applicable to heterogeneous land surfaces,proper interpolation method of daily evapotranspiration considering the abrupt change of soil water content due to irrigation and / or precipitation, precise estimation of irrigation water consumption in farmland evapotranspiration,RS-based crop classification model applicable to complex cropping pattern and multiyears,and operational RS-based crop yield estimation model with higher precision. With further developments of RS technology and relevant models,the quantitative assessment results of irrigation water use efficiency and crop water use efficiency will provide sound foundation for agricultural water management.

关 键 词：灌溉水利用效率 作物水分利用效率 遥感 蒸散发 作物分布 作物估产 

分 类 号：S127[农业科学—农业基础科学]