黄土丘陵半干旱区枣林露水量研究  

Dew Amount of Jujube Plantation in Semi-arid Loess Hilly-gully Region

作　　者：高志永[1] 汪有科[2,3] 汪星[2] 周玉红[2] 赵英[1,2] 郭旭新[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]杨凌职业技术学院水利工程分院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第10期105-115,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：'十二五'国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAD29B04;2013BAD20B03);林业公益性行业科研专项资助项目(20140470);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划资助项目(2013KTZB02-03-02)

摘　　要：利用2012年和2013年叶片湿度传感器(LWS)、温湿度仪、热扩散式探针(TDP)、中子仪实测的露水强度、冠层温湿度、树干径流、土壤水分及气象站监测的气象因子,分析了枣林生育期内露水量的变化规律,探讨了其与水资源输入、输出项的关系。研究结果表明,2012年和2013年枣林露水量随生育期变化呈现递增趋势,果实成熟期达到最大值。露水总量分别为31.31、37.87 mm,分别占同期降水量、蒸腾量和蒸发量的6.87%、10.00%、17.65%和7.90%、15.00%、17.90%,露水量日平均值分别达0.44、0.47 mm。此外,露水量具有发生频率高、稳定性强、重度露水量(大于0.20 mm)比重大的特点。在枣树全生育期内,露水量作为水资源输入项会引起蒸腾量在果实膨大和成熟期显著降低(P<0.05),但对蒸发量无显著影响。研究显示露水是该区枣林重要水源,是水量平衡中不可缺少的输入项。Dew is one of the important water sources for plants growing,especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However,it was seldom researched. The dew amount and its relationships with input-output of water resources in the jujube plantations in semi-arid Loess hilly-gully region were investigated during jujube growth periods in 2012 and 2013,depending on the dew intensities,canopy temperature,canopy relative humidity, sap flow, soil moisture and meteorological factors which were measured by the dielectric leaf wetness sensor（ LWS）,the VP-3 relative humidity / temperature sensor,thermal diffuse probe（ TDP）,neutron probe and meteorological station,respectively. The results showed that the dew amount increased throughout the jujube growth seasons and reached its maximum value at the fruit ripening stage. The cumulative dew amounts during jujube growth periods in 2012 and 2013 were 31. 31 mm and 37. 87 mm,respectively,which accounted for 6. 87% and 7. 90% of rain,10. 00% and15. 00% of transpiration,and 17. 65% and 17. 90% of evaporation at the same period,respectively. The dew amount with high frequency and strong stability had a large proportion of heavy dew in the jujube plantations in the Loess hilly-gully region. As one of the input water resources,dew significantly reduced jujube transpiration during fruit enlargement and ripening stages（ P 0. 05）,but had no significanteffect on evaporation. It is indicated that dew is an important part of water resource which affects regional water balance in the jujube plantations in semi-arid Loess hilly-gully region and it should not be ignored.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵 半干旱区 露水量 降水量 蒸腾量 蒸发量 

分 类 号：P426.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S715.4[农业科学—林学]