小麦提前造墒灌水对玉米后期光合与产量的影响  

Effect of Pre-sowing Irrigation Advancement of Winter Wheat on Photosynthesis and Yield of Summer Maize at Later Growth Stage

作　　者：党红凯[1] 曹彩云[1] 郑春莲[1] 杜雄[2] 马俊永[1] 李科江[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,衡水053000 [2]河北农业大学农学院,保定071000

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第10期127-135,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：'十二五'国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2013BAD05B05);公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201203077;201303133-1-2);河北省自然科学基金资助项目(C2014301026)

摘　　要：于2011—2012年玉米生长后期,进行小麦分期提前造墒灌溉(设置9月20日、9月25日、9月30日灌溉3个水平,不灌水为对照,分别用I9.20、I9.25、I9.30和CK表示)单因素试验,研究小麦提前造墒灌溉对夏玉米后期光合与产量的影响。结果表明:玉米后期穗位叶净光合速率(Pn)日变化,CK为'双峰'曲线,其他处理为'单峰'曲线。Pn日变化均值以I9.20与I9.25处理较高,2年同品种处理间棒3叶叶源量(LSC)也以I9.20与I9.25处理较高。与光合特性不同,茎秆糖分含量以CK较高,其他处理较低。不同灌水模式还对玉米灌浆有一定影响,I9.20、I9.25处理的最大灌浆速率及灌浆平均速率较大,灌浆活跃期较长,快增期百粒质量积累量较多,百粒质量与籽粒产量较高。另外,水分处理还对干物质再分配有一定影响,吐丝后同化物输入籽粒量表现为I9.25>I9.20>I9.30≥CK。可见,河北平原小麦适期提前造墒灌溉,改善了玉米群体光合性能,促进了吐丝后同化物向籽粒运转,提高了籽粒产量。综上所述,本研究条件下小麦造墒灌水建议提前于9月20—25日。In order to clarify the characteristics of photosynthesis and yield responses of summer maize to pre-sowing irrigation advancement for winter wheat,a single factor experiment of irrigation times（ Sep.30 th,Sep. 25 th,Sep. 20 thwritten as I9. 30,I9. 25,I9. 20） was conducted during 2011—2012 and no irrigation advancement treatment was taken as control（ CK）. The results indicated that the diurnal variation of net photosynthesis（ Pn） in ear leaf of maize was different among the four treatments,CK showed a single peak curve,while the other three treatments showed bimodality. As to the averages of the diurnal variation of Pnof each treatment,I9. 20 and I9. 25 were higher than others and the change of leaf source capacity（ LSC） of the total three near ear leaves appeared a similar pattern,i. e.,I9. 20 and I9. 25 showed higher values. The changing of sugar content in maize stem,however,was different from that of the photosynthesis characteristics; the stem sugar content of CK was higher than those of other treatments. Grain filling was also influenced by different irrigation treatments. The I9. 20 and I9. 25 treatments showed larger maximum filling rates,longer active grain filling periods,and higher grain weights and grain yield. Different irrigation times had effect on the dry matter distribution as well. The amount of accumulated dry matter after anthesis of different treatments showed a trend as I9. 25 I9. 20 I9. 30≥CK,which demonstrated that the pre-sowing irrigation advancement of winter wheat was able to improve the population photosynthetic performance,promote dry matter translocation from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis,and finally increase the grain yield of maize in Hebei Plain. The best period for irrigation advancement in this experiment was from Sep. 20 thto Sep. 25 th.

关 键 词：冬小麦 夏玉米 造墒灌水 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S152.75[农业科学—土壤学] Q945[农业科学—农业基础科学]