尾矿坝溃决砂流数值模拟研究及应用  

Numerical simulation of sandy flow due to mine tailings dam failure and its application

作　　者：皇甫凯龙 廖文景[3,4] 孙志辉[1] 高冠 贺治国[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学海洋学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]福建省港航勘察设计研究院数模研究所,福建福州350002 [3]长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司安全技术中心,湖南长沙410012 [4]金属矿山安全技术国家重点实验室安全技术中心,湖南长沙410012

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2015年第8期171-176,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(41376095);湖南省重大科技专项(2011FJ1003);浙江省科技厅优先主题重点社会发展项目(2009C13016)

摘　　要：为研究尾矿坝溃决砂流流动状况,基于二维溃坝水流数值模型及高含沙水流运动研究成果,建立尾矿坝溃决砂流数值模型。采用有限体积法对平面二维砂流运动方程及高浓度非平衡全沙输移方程进行离散求解,并运用中心迎风格式计算网格界面通量,且通过对界面两侧变量线性重构,使模型具有空间上的二阶精度。为保证模型的稳定性,用中心差分方法和半隐式方法,分别离散求解摩擦阻力项与底床坡度项。应用二维溃坝水流数值模型和尾矿坝溃决砂流数值模型,分别模拟某省尾矿坝溃决洪水、砂流运动状况。分析结果表明,尾矿坝溃决砂流与普通水坝溃决过程显著不同,受含沙量变化以及水流与泥沙相互作用和河床变形的影响,溃决砂流计算所得溃决不同时刻的流速、泥深与溃决洪水计算所得流速和水深有明显区别。Based on dam-break flow and sediment transport concepts,a numerical model was built to simulate flow and mine tailings transport due to tailings dam failure. The high-concentration non-equilibrium total-load sediment transport and depth-averaged 2-D shallow flow equations were solved using finite volume method over complicated topography. The flux at the interface of computational mesh was solved by central upwind scheme. The central difference method and semi-implicit method were used to discretize the bed slope term and friction term respectively. By the analysis of the sandy flow propagation due to a tailings dam failure,numerical results show that the model can be used to predict the range,arrival time,and velocity of tailings flow,and also give useful information on features of the tailings deposition and erosion in river bed.

关 键 词：尾矿坝 溃坝 有限体积法 水流泥沙耦合 数值模拟 

分 类 号：X928.03[环境科学与工程—安全科学]