中国主要生态地理区的林火动态特征分析  

Dynamic Characteristics of Forest Fires in the Main Ecological Geographic Districts of China

作　　者：田晓瑞[1] 舒立福[1] 赵凤君[1] 王明玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林保护学重点开放性实验室,北京100091

出　　处：《林业科学》2015年第9期71-77,共7页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC19B02);国家自然科学基金项目(31270695)

摘　　要：【目的】研究中国主要生态地理区的林火动态,为开展林火科学管理提供依据。【方法】基于中国生态地理区域系统的分类结果和森林火灾特点,把中国大陆植被区划分为寒温带湿润地区落叶针叶林区(R1)、中温带湿润地区森林区(R2)、中温带干旱地区荒漠针叶林区(R3)、中温带半干旱地区草原区(R4)、暖温带湿润/半湿润地区落叶阔叶林及人工植被区(R5)、中温带半干旱/干旱地区草原区(R6)、中北亚热带湿润地区阔叶林及人工植被区(R7)和热带南亚热带湿润地区阔叶林及人工植被区(R8)。根据2005—2012年卫星监测地面热点数据和林火统计数据,分析各生态地理区的林火空间与时间分布特征。【结果】野火主要分布在东部,其中分布在R8区域的野火占84.4%,分别在R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6和R7区域的野火分别占0.5%,3.8%,0.1%,2.7%,2.7%,0.1%和5.8%。根据林火发生时间分布确定各生态地理区的火险期,北方地区火灾主要发生在春秋季,而南方森林火灾主要发生在冬季和春季;各生态地理区的火险期分别为R1的3—10月、R2的4—5月和7—10月、R3的3—5月和8—10月、R4的3—6月和9—10月、R5的11—翌年5月、R6的12—翌年5月、R7的12—翌年5月和R8的11—翌年5月。虽然热带南亚热带湿润地区的火灾比较多,但比较容易控制,而寒温带湿润地区落叶针叶林区的火灾平均燃烧时间长。2005—2012年各生态地理区的林火发生次数和林火面积都表现出显著的波动性。人为干扰对林火动态的影响很大,特别在人口密度分布高的南方区域。热带南亚热带湿润地区阔叶林及人工植被区林火发生频度最高,年均发生森林火灾6 489次,火循环周期为4 547年;而寒温带湿润地区落叶针叶林区的火循环周期最短,林火发生频度为0.04次·(104hm2)-1,火循环周期为1 007年。中温带湿润地区森林区、中温带半干旱地区草原区的林火动态变化�[Objective]Fire is an important factor to drive the ecosystem development and change. Fire disturbance has influence on the patterns and processes vegetation dynamics. Fire regimes alter with changes in vegetation,climate and anthropogenic disturbance. Understanding the current fire regimes in ecological zones is the scientific basis for forest fire management. [Method]This paper divided the China mainland into eight regions based on the Eco-geographic classification system and the characteristics of forest fires,which arethe deciduous coniferous forest in the cold temperate humid region （ R1 ） ,temperate humid forest zone （ R2 ） ,temperate coniferous forest zone in arid desert region （ R3 ） , temperate grassland in semi-arid areas （ R4 ） ,warm temperate moist/humid deciduous forests region （ R5 ） ,temperate＆amp;nbsp;semi-arid/arid steppe region （ R6 ） ,middle and north subtropical humid broadleaf forests and artificial vegetation region （R7）,and south subtropical and tropical moist broadleaf forest and artificial vegetation region （R8）,respectively. The spatial and temporal distribution of forest fires for each eco-geographical zones was analyzed according to the hotspot data from satellite monitoring and fire statistics in 2005—2012 .[Result]The results showed that： The wildfires were mainly distributed in the eastern China,and those occurred in R8 accounted for 84. 4% of the total. Wildfires in R1,R2,R3, R4,R5,R6 and R7 occupied 0. 5%,3. 8%,0. 1%,2. 7%,2. 7%,0. 1%,and 5. 8%,respectively. The fire seasons for each eco-geographical zone were defined based on the forest fire occurrence. The most forest fires occurred in spring and autumn in northern China,while they did in winter and spring for the south. The fire seasons for R1,R2,R3,R4, R5,R6,R7 and R8 were March-October,April-May and July-October,March-May and August-October,March-June and September-October,November-May,December-May,December-May,and November-May,respectively. Although more forest fires occurred in the trop

关 键 词：生态地理区 林火动态 火险期 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]