控释氮肥对盆栽棉花产量及土壤养分状况的影响  

Effects of Controlled-release Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Yield and Soil Nutrient Regime of Potted Cotton

作　　者：耿计彪 张民[1] 李成亮[1] 郑文魁[1] 田晓飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室/国家缓控释肥工程技术研究中心/山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《棉花学报》2015年第5期401-407,共7页Cotton Science

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系棉花创新团队(鲁农科技字[2012]26号);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD11B01;02);国家"948"重点项目(2011-G30);山东省自主创新成果转化重大专项(2012-ZHZX1A0408)

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验,研究了硫加树脂包膜尿素（PSCU）和树脂包膜尿素（PCU）2种控释氮肥及普通尿素对棉花产量及土壤养分变化的影响。结果表明：控释氮肥一次基施较等氮量普通尿素一次基施子棉产量显著增加6.78%--28.91%,但与等氮量尿素基施40%加追施60%处理产量差异不显著。基施控释氮肥较尿素增加了棉花铃重,但对衣分和单株成铃数没有显著影响;且显著提高了盛花期和始絮期土壤中的硝态氮和铵态氮含量,同时也显著提高了初花期和盛花期土壤中的速效钾含量,但不同处理间有效磷含量差异不显著。因此,在盆栽条件下,控释氮肥一次基施既可满足棉花全生育期对氮素的需求,又在保障产量的前提下减少了追肥次数。A two-year pot experiment was conducted to compare the effects of two controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers（CRNF）including polymer and sulfur-coated urea（PSCU） and polymer-coated urea（PCU）, common urea（U） and no nitrogen（N） treatments with the same amounts of phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） on the yield of cotton and changes of soil nutrients. The results indicated that the cotton yield in CRNF treatments was significantly increased by 6.78%-28.91% compared with the basal urea application treatment, but there was no significant difference between the CRNF treatments and the treatment with split urea fertilization at pre-sowing（40%） and the first bloom stage（60%）. The boll weight was increased by 2.5%-11.32% with CRNF compared with the basal urea application treatment. However, the type of N fertilizer had no effect on the lint percentage, which remained at 44.14%-46.67%, or boll numbers. The soil NO3--N and NH4＋-N contents were increased in the CRNF treatments from the peak bloom stage to the initial boll-opening stage compared with the basal urea application treatment. The soil NO3--N and NH4＋-N contents were increased by 20.98%-79.25% and 12.51%-29.12%, respectively, in the peak bloom stage, and 50.31%-171.24% and 21.87%-40.57% in the initial boll-opening stage. At the same time, the available K content in the soil was increased with CRNF from the first bloom stage to the peak bloom stage compared with U treatment. Thus, one-time CRNF application not only met the demand for N over the whole growth period of potted cotton, but also preserved the yield and decreased the labor cost of fertilizer dressing.

关 键 词：控释氮肥 普通尿素 棉花 产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S158.3