黄河口湿地鼠类群落结构及种群分布研究  

A survey on rodent community structure and population distribution in yellow river estuary wetlands

作　　者：刘东华 张作民[2] 曹官时[3] 霍新北[4] 

机构地区：[1]胜利油田卫生管理中心,山东东营257000 [2]胜利油田胜东社区卫生管理中心,山东东营257000 [3]胜利油田疾病预防控制中心,山东东营257000 [4]山东省疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250014

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2015年第21期3992-3994,4008,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的探明黄河口湿地鼠类的群落结构及不同季节、不同生境种群数量和分布,为湿地生态系统的鼠类防制提供依据。方法采用夹夜法捕鼠,运用泊松分布(poisson distribution)分析法探讨鼠类种群的空间分布型。结果湿地中分布黑线姬鼠(Apodmus agrarius)、黑线仓鼠(Cricetulus barabensis)和大仓鼠(Cricetulus triton)3种,构成比分别为67.35%、20.00%和12.65%,黑线姬鼠为优势种群。时间分布上,全年鼠密度以秋季和春季较高,分别为10.07%和6.84%;夏季和冬季密度较低,分别为4.62%和2.43%;年总密度为5.99%。在空间分布上,湿地中心地带鼠密度较边沿地带低;夏季鼠类呈聚集性分布,春季、秋季和冬季均呈随机分布。结论影响黄河口湿地鼠类种群全年数量变化的主要原因是种群的繁殖强度和食物的丰富度;鼠类种群分布具有特殊性;种群密度的季节变化是由种群特性、气候因素和生境条件决定的。Objective To ascertain community structure, population quantity and distribution of the Yellow River estuary wetland rodents in different seasons and different environments, and to provide basis for rodent control in wetland ecosystem. Methods The rodents were captured by using night trapping. Poisson distribution was adopted to analyze the spatial distribution of rodent population. Results Apodemus agrarius, cricetulus barabensis and cricetulus triton were distributed in wetlands. The ratio of apodemus agrarius, cricetulus barabensis and cricetulus triton was 67.35%, 20.00% and 12.65%, respectively. By the time distribution, the annual density of rodents in spring, summer, autumn and winter was 6.84%, 4.62%, 10.07% and 2.43%,respectively. The average density of rodents was 5.99%. In the spatial distribution, the density of rodents in the heart of the wetlands was lower than in the edge of the zone. Rodents density had gathered distribution phenomenon in summer and random distribution phenomenon in other seasons. Conclusion The main reason a effecting the population of rodents the whole year in Yellow River estuary wetland was reproduction intensity of population and richness of food. Population distribution of rodents was special. The seasonal change of population density was determined by population characteristics, climatic factor and ecological environment.

关 键 词：黄河口湿地 群落结构 种群分布 黑线姬鼠 黑线仓鼠 大仓鼠 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]