蚓粪基质中添加蛭石和氮磷钾肥对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响  

Cucumber seedling growth as influenced by worm cast medium added with vermiculite and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers

作　　者：赵海涛[1] 李天鹏[1] 赵子笑 刘畅[1] 王明珠[1] 李德权[1,2] 颜志俊[3] 单玉华[1] 封克[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,扬州225127 [2]农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014 [3]水利部南京水利科学研究院,南京210029

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2015年第5期13-20,共8页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAD21B03);国家自然科学基金(31000939);国家星火计划(2013GA690074);江苏省前瞻性研究专项资金项目(BN2014006);江苏省农业三新工程项目[SXGC(2013)247]

摘　　要：以蚯蚓消解牛粪产生的蚓粪为主要原料,与蛭石按照4:1体积比混合后添加氮肥和磷钾肥复混成育苗基质,通过温室大棚培育黄瓜幼苗,分析黄瓜幼苗生长发育特征。结果表明:与对照基质相比,蚓粪基质能显著增大黄瓜幼苗株高、叶片叶绿素、根长、根表面积、根干重、总干重,根冠比和壮苗指数;蚓粪基质中添加蛭石能够显著增加黄瓜幼苗叶片叶绿素、根长和壮苗指数;纯蚓粪基质中添加氮磷钾肥能显著增加黄瓜幼苗的根表面积和根冠比;蚓粪蛭石基质中添加氮磷钾肥显著增加黄瓜幼苗叶片叶绿素和根长。育苗后,蚓粪基质的有效氮、有效磷、有效钾和EC值显著高于对照基质,而pH显著小于对照基质。与以泥炭为主要原料的传统基质相比,蚓粪基质具有更大的酸碱缓冲能力,更有利于黄瓜幼苗发育。添加蛭石显著降低了蚓粪基质有效氮和有效磷含量,添加磷钾肥比添加氮肥更能增加蚓粪基质的EC值。蚓粪基质中较高的有效氮磷钾含量能够有效防止黄瓜幼苗发生营养障碍,0.5 kg/m^3尿素、10.0 kg/m^3过磷酸钙和1.0 kg/m^3硫酸钾添加到4:1体积比的蚓粪蛭石混合基质中最有利于黄瓜幼苗的壮苗形成。Both cast produced by earthworm digesting cow manure and vermiculite were mixed at a volumetric ratio of 4 to 1,added with nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）fertilizers and then used as a potting medium in cucumber seedling nursery to analyze characteristics for cucumber seedlings to grow and development in a greenhouse.The results showed that compared with the control medium,the worm cast medium could significantly increase the cucumber seedling height,leaf chlorophyll,root length,root surface area,root-dry weight,total dry weight,root-shoot ratio and strong seedling index;The worm cast medium added with vermiculite could significantly enhance the cucumber seedlings＇ leaf chlorophyll,root length and strong seedling index;The worm cast medium added with N,P and K fertilizers could significantly improve the root surface area and rootshoot ratio;The worm cast and vermiculite mixed medium added with N,P and K fertilizers could significantly increase the leaf chlorophyll arid root length.After raising the seedlings,the available N,available P,available K and EC value of the.worm cast medium were significantly higher than those of the control medium,but its pH value was significantly less than that of the control.Compared with the conventional medium with peat as a main raw material,the worm cast medium had much greater acid and alkali buffering capacity and was more conducive to cucumber seedling growth.Adding vermiculite significantly reduced the available N and available P contents of worm cast medium,and adding P and K fertilizers could have a higher EC value of worm cast medium than adding N fertilizer.The worm cast medium,having higher available N,P and K contents,could effectively prevent cucumber seedlings from nutritive disturbance.The experimental results indicated that it was most conducive to cucumber seedling development to add 0.5 kg/m^3 urea,10.0 kg/m^3 calcium superphosphate and 1.0 kg/m^3 potassium sulphate to the worm cast and vermiculite medium mixed at a 4 to 1 volumetric ratio

关 键 词：黄瓜 育苗 盆栽基质 蚯蚓粪 蛭石 氮磷钾肥 

分 类 号：S630.43[农业科学—蔬菜学]