城市化对大都市郊区气象站气温记录的影响  

Impacts of Urbanization on Air Temperature Observed by Suburban Stations Located Nearby Large Cities

作　　者：金凯[1] 王飞[1,2,3] 夏磊[2,3] 穆兴民[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2015年第5期302-308,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"基于相同气候条件的人类活动对河流水沙影响定量评价:以黄土高原延河流域为例"(41171420);中国科学院知识创新工程重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-04);中国科学院西部之光人才培养计划联合学者项目([2013]165);科技基础性工作专项(2014FY210100)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨城市化对城市附近地区气温变化的影响,了解区域尺度的气候及环境变化。[方法]基于北京市及天津市附近气象站1973—2008年地面气温观测资料,综合城市规模、气象站与城市相对位置关系及风向因素,对气温的年变化和季节变化以及城市热岛(UHI)效应对城市附近气象站地面气温观测的影响程度(城市影响指数)进行分析,并估算气象站地面气温序列中的城市化影响偏差。[结果](1)由于城市化的影响,1973—2008年北京站远比天津站升温迅速,二者年平均气温的升温速率分别为0.65和0.17℃/10a;(2)UHI对同一气象站的影响在不同季节差异很大,但总体上北京站所受影响远比天津站严重;(3)北京站及天津站地面气温序列中的城市化影响偏差巨大,且城市化对北京站及天津站年最低气温的增温贡献率最大,分别达56%和100%。[结论]在进行区域气候及环境变化研究时,应当对城市附近地区的城市化影响予以关注。[Objective]The aim of this study is to explore the effect of urbanization on temperature change in regions nearby cities in order to realize the climate and enviroment change in regional scale.[Methods]Based on the temperature data recorded by meteorological stations nearby Beijing and Tianjin cities during 1973—2008,annual and seasonal temperature variations and the impact of urban heat island（UHI）on meteorological stations（known as urban impact indicator,Uii）were analyzed,with the consideration of urban size,relative position of meteorological station to city and winds.The bias in surface air temperature records was estimated as well.[Results]（1）Due to the influence of urbanization,the warming rate in Beijing station was faster than that in Tianjin station during 1973—2008,and the warming rate reached to 0.65 ℃/10aand0.17 ℃/10 ain Beijing station and Tianjin station,respectively.（2）The impacts of UHI on the same station were different in different seasons,and this impact was much more severe in Beijing station,compared to Tianjin station.（3）Urbanization had a strong influence on the surface temperatures in Beijing and Tianjin stations,and urbanization contributed the most to the warming of annual minimum temperature,and the contribution rate reached to 56% and 100%in two cities,respectively.[Conclusion]The impact of urbanization needs to be considered when studying regional climate change in the areas nearby cities.

关 键 词：北京 天津 气温变化 城市化 城市热岛 

分 类 号：P423.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]