南汀河流域土壤侵蚀的时空分异  

Spatial and Temporal Variations of Soil Erosion in Nanting River Basin

作　　者：顾治家 白致威 段兴武[1,3] 丁剑宏 冯德泰 师小宁 韩絮[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院,云南昆明650091 [2]云南省水利水电科学研究院,云南昆明650228 [3]云南省国际河流与跨境生态安全重点实验室,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2015年第5期334-339,F0003,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"元江干热河谷区侵蚀对土壤生产力影响的定量研究"(41101267);国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAB06B03);云南省水利厅水利科技计划项目"高原红壤坡耕地容许土壤流失量计算方法的构建及应用";喜马拉雅地区气候变化适应性研究计划(HICAP)

摘　　要：[目的]分析南汀河流域坡面土壤侵蚀的时空分异特征,为流域水土保持和边疆生态环境建设提供科学参考。[方法]基于通用土壤流失方程（USLE）,运用RS和GIS技术计算南汀河流域1990,2000及2010年3个时段的土壤侵蚀模数。[结果]3个时段内研究区侵蚀模数呈现先升后降的趋势,年均侵蚀模数从24.75t/（hm2·a）升到30.05t/（hm2·a）,然后降为25.87t/（hm2·a）。3个时段内,流域内强烈侵蚀及其以上的侵蚀面积仅占总侵蚀面积的19.94%,但对流域总侵蚀量的贡献高达73.56%。1990—2000年,强烈及强烈以下侵蚀面积减少了1 059.85km2,强烈侵蚀以上的侵蚀面积则增加了112.29km2;2000—2010年,微度侵蚀面积有小幅增加,其余侵蚀等级的侵蚀面积都有所下降。当坡度小于20°时,侵蚀模数随着坡度的增加而增加,坡度超过20°后,侵蚀模数有降低的趋势;从海拔上看,高侵蚀模数区域主要位于海拔500～2 000m范围。[结论]流域内的土壤侵蚀治理已初见成效,但在局部地区,土壤侵蚀仍有加剧现象。[Objective]We aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of soil erosion in Nanting river basin in order to provide the scientific basis for soil and water conservation and frontier ecological environment construction.[Methods]Based on the universal soil loss equation（USLE）,RS and GIS technologies were applied to estimate the soil erosion modulus in Nanting river basin in 1990,2000 and 2010.[Results]Erosion modulus showed an initial increasing trend and followed by a decreasing trend during the study period.The average annual erosion modulus increased from 24.75t/（hm2·a）in 1990 to 30.05t/（hm2·a）in2000,and then decreased to 25.87t/（hm2·a）in 2000.Although the intensive and extreme intensive erosions only accounted for 19.94% of the total erosion area,they contributed as much as 73.56% of the total amount of erosion in the study area.From 1990 to 2000,the moderate and light erosion areas were reduced by 1 059.85km2,while the extreme intensive erosion areas were increased by 112.29km2.From 2000to2010,the erosion areas for all erosion intensities were decreased,except for the light erosion.The erosion modulus increased with the increase of slope when the slope was less than 20°,while it decreased with the increase of slope when the slope was more than 20°.High erosion modulus was mainly distributed in 500～2 000 m.[Conclusion]Soil erosion control has achieved initial success in Nanting river basin,although intensified soil erosion still occurs in local areas.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 时空分异 USLE 国际河流 跨境影响 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]