径流年内分配不均匀性的度量指标及其应用  

Measure ment Index of Nonuniformity of Intra-annual Runoff Distribution and Its Application

作　　者：陆建宇[1] 王秀庆[2] 王学斌[3] 陆宝宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [2]淮河水利委员会沂沭泗水利管理局,江苏徐州221018 [3]水资源高效利用与工程安全国家工程研究中心,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《水力发电》2015年第11期24-28,54,共6页Water Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50979023);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201201026)

摘　　要：河川径流的年内分配不均匀性直接影响水利工程的运行方式。为准确度量径流年内分配不均程度,尝试引入变率指数FI、分摊熵A_E、基尼系数Gini、集中指数CI、余期望系数SEI和赫氏指数HHl等六种度量指标,并以沂河临沂站天然月径流为例,分析各指标的适用性及存在的不足。结果表明,各指标年际变化相似度极高,峰、谷值出现时间基本一致,可以使用其中的任何一个指标度量径流年内分配的不均匀性;Gini考虑了径流年内时程分布及各月径流量大小的影响,能够定量地评价径流年内分配的不均匀程度,比其他指标有更高的分辨力,用Gini度量径流年内分配不均匀程度最合适。The nonuniformity of intra-annual stream flow distribution has a direct impact on Water projects＇ operation mode. In order to measure the nonuniformity of intra-annual stream flow distribution accurately, six measure ment indexes are introduced, including Flashiness Index （FI）, Apportionment Entropy （AE）, Gini coefficient （Gini）, Concentration Index （CI）, Surplus- Expectation Index （SEI） and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index （HHI）. The applicability and disadvantages of these indexes are obtained through the natural monthly runoff data of Linyi Station in Yihe River Basin. The results show that： （a） there is a high degree of similarity about the inter-annual variability of each index and the appearance time of peak, valley points are almost the same, so any one of which can be used as an indicator to measure the nonnniformity of intra-annual stream flow distribution; （b） the temporal distribution of intra-annual stream flow and the size of the monthly runoff are considered in Gini and Gini can quantitatively evaluate the nonuniformity of intra-annual stream flow distribution, so the Gini has a higher resolution than other indexes and is the most appropriate index to measure the nonuniformity of intra-annual stream flow distribution.

关 键 词：河川径流 年内分配 不均匀性 度量指标 沂河流域 

分 类 号：TV121[水利工程—水文学及水资源]