医务人员锐器伤发生现状调查  

SHARP INSTRUMENT INJURIES IN MEDICAL STAFFS:A STATUS QUO SURVEY

作　　者：孙晓玲[1,2] 刘淑红[2] 李奇峰[2] 王新生[2] 姜宝法[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学公共卫生学院,山东济南250012 [2]青岛大学附属医院感染管理处

出　　处：《齐鲁医学杂志》2015年第6期732-736,共5页Medical Journal of Qilu

摘　　要：目的了解青岛市某三级综合医院医务人员锐器伤发生状况,探讨其危险因素。方法采用回顾性调查研究方法,对青岛市某三级综合医院2012—2014年上报至医院感染管理处的医务人员锐器伤发生状况进行调查分析。结果锐器伤发生率及例次发生率:2012年为16.52%和38.16%,2013年为15.72%和36.01%,2014年为13.48%和30.84%。护士锐器伤发生率和例次发生率:2012年为25.17%和63.87%,2013年为24.92%和61.98%,2014年为21.12%和52.97%。头皮钢针(47.14%)、注射器(14.84%)和手术缝针(7.50%)是造成医务人员锐器伤的主要医疗器具。锐器伤主要发生于拔静脉输液针(20.58%)、针头入利器盒(16.28%)和回套针帽(11.90%)过程中。锐器伤发生频率最高的部门是普通病房(60.74%)和手术室(14.48%)。发生锐器伤后,有89.96%的人采取了措施,有10.04%的人未采取措施。在污染的锐器伤中,有532例(13.70%)为血源性病原体的阳性暴露。结论该院医务人员锐器伤的发生率仍处于较高的水平,但有逐年下降趋势;锐器伤最常发生于普通病房和手术室,护士是锐器伤发生的高危人群;拔静脉输液针、针头入利器盒和回套针帽等是发生锐器伤的高危操作环节;引起损伤的医疗器具主要为头皮钢针、注射器和手术缝针;锐器伤发生后,血源性病原体的阳性暴露率较高。Objective To investigate the occurrence of sharp instrument injuries in medical staffs in a certain tertiary general hospital of Qingdao,explore the risk factors affecting the injuries and seek its effective protective measure. Methods The data of medical staffs suffering from sharp instrument injuries,in 2012—2014,reported to infection-administration office of the hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results The incidence of sharp instrument injuries and incidence of cases were16.52% and 38.16%in 2012,15.72% and 36.01%in 2013,and 13.48% and 30.84%in 2014,respectively.In nurses,the incidence of sharp instrument injuries and incidence of cases were 25.17% and 63.87%in 2012,24.92% and 61.98% in 2013,and21.12% and 52.97%in 2014.Scalp wire needles,syringes and surgical suture needles were main medical apparatus contributing to the injuries,accounting for 47.14%,14.84%and 7.50%,respectively.Most of the injuries happened when an intravenous infusion needle being removed（20.43%）,placing the needle into a box（16.28%）or putting the cap back on the needle（11.90%）.The highest frequency of sharp instrument injuries was happened in general wards（60.74%）and operating theatre（14.48%）.After sharp instrument injury,89.96% of people took measures,and 10.04% did not.In 3 882 cases of injury with polluted instruments,532（13.70%）cases of them exposed to positive hematogenous pathogens. Conclusion The incidence of sharp instrument injuries in the hospital reviewed is still at a high level,but there is a downtrend year by year.The injuries are mostly seen in general wards and operating theatre,nurses being the high-risk population of the injuries.Removing an intravenous infusion needle,placing a needle into the tool box and putting the cap back on the needle are high-risk procedures.The major apparatus that responsible for the injuries are scalp wire needles,syringes and surgical suture needles.Once injuries happen,the positive exposure to hematogenous pathogens is higher and it brings about greater health

关 键 词：医务人员 医院 创伤和损伤 危险因素 数据收集 

分 类 号：R197.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]