苏区革命与地方社会:查田运动之发轫新探  

Revolution in the Soviet Region and Local Society:the Origination of the Land Inspection Campaign

作　　者：孟庆延[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学社会学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2015年第6期82-103,6-7,共22页Open Times

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"政治社会学视野下的中央苏区土地革命再研究(1927-1934)"(15YJC840022)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：划分阶级成分是中国共产党在长期土地革命实践中形成的重要政治传统。这一政治传统的最初形态可以追溯到1933—1934年间中央苏区的查田运动。在这场运动中,以经济因素为标准的阶级成分划分开始在革命中得以大范围实践,同强调情绪性和斗争性的社会动员一并构成"查阶级"的重要内容。基于查田运动的这一制度史意义,本文对查田运动得以发轫的社会历史场域进行了历史社会学意义上的再考察。本文将中共党史、革命史与地方社会史结合在一起,综合运用文件档案、方志谱牒、回忆材料、报刊杂志等多种史料,通过对瑞金地区苏区时期革命史的重新解读,揭示查田运动得以发轫的社会与政治场域,由此呈现出宏观意识形态、现实斗争形势与地方社会之间的复杂关系;并由此进一步理解中国共产党政权在独立掌握武装和建政初期,将"革命"落实到地方社会时所面临的一系列局限与困境。Class identification is an important political tradition of the Communist Party of China formed in its long practice of land revolution. This tradition can be traced all the way back to the land inspection campaign in the Central Soviet Region in 1933—1934. In this campaign,class division and identification in accordance with economic criteria were widely practiced and,combined with emotional and militant social mobilization,finally turned into full-blown Doomsday of'class inspection'. Because of the institutional historical significance of the land inspection campaign,this paper tries to restore it back to it social and historical context so as to give it a historical-sociological re-examination. By combining the history of CPC,the revolutionary history and the history of local society and by drawing comprehensively on the various historical documents,native ethnography,memoirs,newspapers and journals,etc.,this paper reinterprets the revolutionary history of the Soviet period of Ruijin,reveals the social and political environment in which the land inspection campaign first originated,and unravels the complicated interactive network of political ideology,real struggles,and local society. It is hoped that a better understanding may be achieved of the constraints and dilemma that CPC had to face in its initial period of controlling independent armed forces and political power and starting to push the revolution to localities.

关 键 词：查田运动 意识形态 土地革命 宗族 查阶级 

分 类 号：D231[政治法律—政治学]