关于如何阅读当代史档案的一些想法  

Some Ideas on How to Read Archives for Contemporary History

作　　者：沈艾娣 

机构地区：[1]牛津大学

出　　处：《社会科学》2015年第11期146-150,共5页Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：中华人民共和国的早期档案产生于一个充满政治雄心与意识形态宏愿的国家,而它们自产生后便由一批职业档案管理者、学者所保管,包括如通知、报告、通讯、会议记录、统计数据以及数量多到超乎寻常的自传材料。这些记录对历史学家而言显得格外有吸引力,以至于我们在阅读时会轻易忽略那些在记录形成时束缚它们的条条框框。当我们阅读这些档案时,需要意识到这些档案本身便是政权的工具,而不只是供研究者研读的信息源。因此,在我看来,第一,若要使用档案,那就需要了解资料生产组织的档案加工过程及其基本常识;第二,档案本身便是强而有力的存在对象以至于可以影响我们如何书写历史。The archives of the early PRC were created by an ambitious and ideologically-motivated state and since their creation have been shaped by the professional archivists and scholars who have inherited them, which included announcements, reports, correspondence, records of meetings, statistics, and an unusual quantity of autobiographical texts. These records were hugely attractive to the historian, so that as we read them we easily forget the rigid constraints within which they were written. When we read in the archives, we should realize that the archive itself is a tool of government not just a source of information for researchers. As a result, the two main points that come out of this literature are firstly that in order to use archives it is essential to understand the procedures and common sense of the organizations that produced them, and secondly that archives themselves are powerful objects that shape how we write history.

关 键 词：中华人民共和国 档案 利用 解读 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学]