黑龙江海伦市农田土壤重金属与磷素含量的特征研究  

Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Phosphorus in Farmland of Hailun City,Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：陈玉东[1,2] 周健民[2] 邢璐[2] 冯彦房[3] 杭小帅[1] 王火焰[2] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [2]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [3]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《土壤》2015年第5期965-972,共8页Soils

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX1-YW-09-02);环保公益性行业科研专项(201309035);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项;国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41401345)资助

摘　　要：海伦市是以农业为主导产业的黑龙江省县级市,为了解该市土壤重金属及磷素现状,2008年采集了农田耕层土样95个、亚耕层土样95个和土壤剖面分层土样92个,分析了其中的Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni等重金属全量和磷的含量。在前期结果的基础上,2009年又选取8个土壤剖面来进一步研究磷在垂直深度上的分布特征。结果表明,该市耕层土壤重金属含量总体较低,与松嫩平原土壤元素背景值相比较,出现一定程度的富集。与第二次土壤普查结果相比较,有效磷的富集趋势明显。从空间分布图上可以看出总磷和有效磷的分布与重金属的分布呈现了完全不同的趋势,重金属主要来源可能来自土壤母质,化学磷肥对重金属的含量有一定影响,但不是主要因素。大量施加磷肥也是该地区有效磷大幅增加的主要原因之一。重金属和磷含量随着土层的加深都呈现先下降再上升的趋势,有效磷的含量在各发生层差异比较明显。进一步的磷剖面结果显示:有效磷和水溶磷含量总体趋势是随着深度的增加都先急剧下降,表层磷富集趋势明显,并有向下迁移的趋势,随后呈现含量稳定、缓慢上升或者巨大波动3种趋势,这与耕作历史、耕作方式及所种植的作物类型等有关。In order to study heavy metals and phosphorus characteristics in soil of Hailun City, a typical agricultural region of Heilongjiang Province, 95 topsoil samples, 95 subsoil samples and 92 soil samples of 25 profiles were collected from the farmland, and Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni and phosphorus contents were determined. On the base of the previous results, another 8 profiles were selected to further study phosphorus characteristic in vertical direction. The results showed that the contents of heavy metals of Hailun City were low but showed a certain degree of accumulation compared with the background values of Songnen plains. Available P content was distinctly higher than that of the second soil survey. Spatial distribution of heavy metals and phosphorus in topsoil were significantly different, the heavy metals mainly originated from parent materials instead from phosphate. Phosphate was one of the key factors of the substantial increases of available E The contents of the heavy metals and phosphorus first decreased then increased as soil deepened, available P contents were significantly different in four soil genetic horizons. The results of 8 profiles indicated that phosphorus content sharply decreased at first then remained stable or slowly increased or fluctuated strongly as soil deepened, which might be correlated with tillage history, tillage method and crop types.

关 键 词：重金属 磷 空间分布 剖面 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]