中国劳动力市场需求弹性估算  

Estimation of China's Labor Demand Elasticity

作　　者：李娟[1] 吴建利[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学国际商学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《人口学刊》2015年第6期93-102,共10页Population Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目:贸易开放条件下就业保护立法与劳动力市场效应:基于企业和个体双重异质性的研究(71403216);四川省哲学社会科学重点项目:四川发展内陆开放经济的研究(SC14A004);西南财经大学"中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助"项目:法经济学视角下就业保护立法与跨国公司直接投资选址决策:来自全球的宏观和微观证据(JBK150205);四川省高校科研创新团队:自由贸易区战略与人民币区研究(JBK130504)

摘　　要：劳动需求弹性反映企业劳动力需求对工资率变动的敏感程度,可以衡量劳动市场的波动程度和就业市场的稳定性。本文首次利用大型微观工业企业层面数据估计中国的劳动需求弹性,并对实证结果进行了多种稳健性检验,丰富了国际上劳动需求弹性领域的实证文献。基本结论包括：我国工业企业劳动需求弹性在文献给出的（-0.75,-0.15）这一合理取值范围内;1998-2009年我国劳动市场整体波动程度有所减缓,这在很大程度上归因于我国本土企业的劳动需求弹性呈现明显的下降趋势,而外向型企业相较本土企业由于替代效应和规模效应的作用,其劳动需求波动的趋势更为明显。因此,在外向型企业就业的劳动者更容易遭受波动风险。Labor demand elasticity,which reflects the sensitivity of firm＇s labor demand relative to wagerate,can be used as an indicator to measure the fluctuation of labor market as well as the volatility of la-bors＇ income. This paper applies large firm-level database to estimate China＇s labor demand elasticity andfurthermore gives necessary robustness checks,which is the first literature in this field to our best knowl-edge. In this paper,we conclude that：the labor demand elasticity of China＇s industrial firms is in the rea-sonable range（between-0.75 and-0.15 according to the previous literature）;In the period of 1998-2009,the overall degree of labor market fluctuation in China appears flatting which indicates that China＇s labormarket conditions and stability tends to be well improved;This empirical result,to a large extent,is due tothe large share of domestic firms in the whole China＇s economy whose labor demand elasticity tends to besmaller during this period of 1998-2009,while exported-oriented firms＇ labor demand is more elastic dueto substitution effect and scale effect. Therefore,workers employed by these exported-oriented units aremore likely to bear fluctuation risks.

关 键 词：劳动需求弹性 就业波动 微观企业数据 所有权性质 

分 类 号：F240[经济管理—劳动经济]