海月水母排精诱导及胚胎发育研究  

Investigation on spermiation induction and embryonic development of Aurelia sp.

作　　者：陈昭廷 李琪[2] 庄志猛[1] 陈四清[1] 刘春胜[1] 刘长琳[1] 赵鹏[1] 卢斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《水产学报》2015年第10期1459-1466,共8页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB403605)

摘　　要：为研究海月水母有性繁殖的关键过程,采用实验生态学及显微观察的方法研究了光周期、食物条件、机械损伤对其排精诱导的效果,并对其受精及胚胎发育的详细过程进行了研究。结果发现,长光照(14 L∶10 D)、饥饿、机械损伤等因素能有效诱导性成熟的海月水母排精;海月水母体内受精过程:雌性海月水母伞缘触手将雄性排出的精子细丝收集到伞缘的食物囊处,通过口腕进入口腕基沟,先后经胃口腕沟、胃循环沟等水管系统到达卵巢,精子与成熟卵子结合完成受精;海月水母受精卵为球形,卵径150μm左右,胚胎发育过程包括卵裂期、囊胚形成期、囊胚期、原肠胚形成期、原肠胚期及浮浪幼虫期6个时期。受精卵在(22±1)℃的水温下,经29 h 20 min发育为浮浪幼虫,经过73 h 20 min发育为四触手螅状体。研究为揭示海月水母的暴发机制提供了参考资料。The scyphozoan Aurelia aurita（ Linnaeus） is a cosmopolitan species,having been reported from a variety of coastal and shelf sea environments around the world. The blooms of Aurelia sp. have caused ecological disasters in recent years. In order to discover the key process of the sexual reproduction biology of Aurelia sp.,the spermiation inductive factors,as well as the process of fertilization and embryonic development,were observed according to experimental ecology and microscopy in this study. The results were as follows： the long photoperiod（ 14 L ∶ 10D）,starvation and damage could effectively induce the sexual matured Aurelia sp. spermiation. The detail information was shown in Tab. 1,Tab. 2 and Tab. 3 respectively.Female Aurelia sp. medusae captured sperm filament that the male released into food bag of somatic edge in which the sperm filament became sperm gobbet by tentacle. The sperm gobbets were transported into oral arm groove by oral arm,then they went through gastric-oral arm groove and gastric reproduction groove successively,and arrived at female gonad to fertilize finally. The fertilized eggs of Aurelia sp. were round and the diameter was about 150 μm. According to the appearance and characteristics of the embryo,embryonic development was divided into 6 consecutive stages： cleavage stage,blastulation stage,blastula stage,gastrulation stage,gastrula stage,planula stage and four tentacles scyphistoma. In（ 22 ± 1） ℃ sea water,the embryo developed into planula at about 29 h 20 min and grewinto four tentacles scyphistoma at about 73 h20 min. Aurelia sp. Underwent internal fertilization and embryo developed in vivo. The reproductive pattern could improve the survival rate of offspring,which may be the reason why Aurelia sp. existed extensively.

关 键 词：海月水母 诱导排精 受精 胚胎发育 

分 类 号：S968.9[农业科学—水产养殖]