南水北调中线工程生态补偿标准研究  

Study on South-to-North water transfer middle route project ecological compensation standard

作　　者：李国平[1] 王奕淇[1] 张文彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学经济与金融学院,西安710061

出　　处：《资源科学》2015年第10期1902-1911,共10页Resources Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(12&ZD072)

摘　　要：本文对区域分工与合作的比较优势理论进行新的诠释,构建了南水北调中线工程上下游的生态产品与物质产品分工与合作的理论模型,以利用区域资源禀赋提高效率,但由于外部性的存在,生态产品很难转化为经济价值,造成了南水北调中线工程上下游间的发展失衡和不公平问题突出。本文认为建立流域生态补偿机制是解决区域发展失衡和不公平问题的重要途径,而明确生态补偿标准是核心问题之一。随后,基于区域发展失衡视角,构建了一个将机会成本法与水资源价值法相结合的流域生态补偿标准计量模型。最后,测算南水北调中线工程陕西水源区为保护水源损失的排污权价值,得到2012年陕南三市应获得176.3亿元的生态补偿金额,并根据受水区的调水量分配,得到北京、天津、河北、河南应分别支付陕西水源区22.28亿元、18.57亿元、64.94亿元、70.51亿元,这个测算结果既能够弥补上游地区的生态产品价值,又充分考虑了下游地区的补偿能力,为其他跨区域生态补偿标准确定提供了借鉴。Here,we explain the comparative advantage theory of regional division and cooperation in a new way,building the theoretical model of division and cooperation of South-to-North water transfer middle route project upstream and downstream ecological and material products,and using regional resource endowments to improve efficiency. However,because of externalities it is hard to translate economic value for ecological products,resulting in development imbalances and inequities between South-to-North water transfer middle route project upstream and downstream areas. We argue that the establishment of watershed ecological compensation mechanisms is an important way to solve the problems of regional developmental imbalances and inequities,and explicating ecological compensation standards is a core issue. We built a watershed ecological compensation standard econometric model combining opportunity cost methods and water value methods. Estimating the loss of emission rights value of South-to-North water transfer middle route project Shaanxi water source areawater sources,we found that three cities in southern Shaanxi should have received 17.63 billion CNY in ecological compensation in 2012. According to the tone water allocation of the intake area,Beijing,Tianjin,Hebei and Henan should pay the Shaanxi water source area 2.228 billion CNY,1.857 billion CNY,6.494 billion CNY,and 7.051 billion CNY respectively. This calculation comprises the ecological product value of upstream areas and gives full consideration to the compensation ability of downstream areas. This work provides a reference for other cross-regional ecological compensation standards.

关 键 词：区域发展失衡 协调发展 生态补偿标准 南水北调中线工程 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]