基于OLI影像的环渤海湾不透水面提取及空间格局分析  

Extraction and spatial analysis of impervious surfaces in the Bohai Bay region based on OLI imagery

作　　者：翟珂[1,3] 吴晓青[1,2] 秦元伟[2] 于璐[1] 杜培培[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,烟台264003 [2]美国俄克拉荷马大学空间分析中心,美国诺曼73019 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2015年第10期1920-1928,共9页Resources Science

基　　金：中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-14)

摘　　要：不透水面的分布规模、空间格局和变化是影响区域生态系统和环境变化的重要指标。Landsat 8卫星的成功发射使得基于Landsat系列遥感影像的陆地生态环境监测及其科学研究得以延续。本研究以该卫星搭载的陆地成像仪(OLI)影像为遥感数据源,基于植被-不透水面-土壤(V-I-S)模型,采用最小噪声分离法(MNF)和支持向量机(SVM)相结合的方法实现地表信息遥感影像分类,并提取高反照和低反照覆盖初步提取不透水面,利用遥感指数去除水体、阴影等干扰物后,得到研究区不透水面的分布现状,在此基础上分析其空间格局。结果表明:相较于TM影像,OLI影像辐射分辨率提高为16bit,其波段范围普遍变窄,影像经大气校正后色彩丰富度提高,其不透水面提取精度较高;2013年,环渤海湾海岸带不透水面比例达到16.74%,其空间分布集中于城市中心城区和临港产业区;岸线向陆10km的海岸带区域和岸线外围填海区的不透水面面积达到1 794.30km2;与历史时期TM遥感影像提取结果相比,环渤海湾不透水面分布的趋海化现象明显,不透水面斑块聚集程度增加。The magnitude,location,geometry and spatial pattern of the impervious surface area（ISA）and the ratio of perviousness-imperviousness significantly affect regional eco-environment changes. In 2013,the success of Landsat 8 satellite contributed to the Landsat satellite missions and provided a new data source for land eco-environmental system studies. The OLI and TM imagery were selected as data sources in this paper. The end-member model samples included vegetation,soil,high albedo surface and low albedo surface were selected by the Minimum Noise Fraction Transform（MNF）method. The classification was made by the Support Vector Machine（SVM）method with end-member model samples. In terms of the results of previous studies,an aggregation of high albedo surface and low albedo surface was regarded as the impervious surface area after excluding water and shadows using water indices. The results show that extraction results for the impervious surface area based on OLI imagery is better than for TM imagery;the kappa coefficient of the impervious surface area extraction result based on OLI is 0.90;with the radiance resolution of OLI is 16 bit and the band ranges are narrowed,the color abundance of OLI imagery is improved compared with TM imagery. The area percentage of the impervious surface area in the Bohai Bay region is up to 16.74% totally in 2013;it is about 1 794.30km2 in the region of 0~10km and the reclamation area away from the coastline. Compared with impervious surface area extraction based on TM imagery,the impervious surface area extraction based on OLI imagery is concentrated on the center metropolises and harbor zones,such as Tianjin Harbor district and Huanghua Harbor district,and distributes as a reunite state in the Bohai Bay region.

关 键 词：环渤海湾 不透水面 OLI影像 空间格局 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]