某综合医院2011—2013年医院感染现患率调查  

Prevalence rates of healthcare-associated infection in a general hospital in 2011-2013

作　　者：李瑛[1] 曹力生[1] 肖维俊 邹梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]凉山彝族自治州第一人民医院,四川凉山615000

出　　处：《中国感染控制杂志》2015年第10期694-696,共3页Chinese Journal of Infection Control

摘　　要：目的通过对某院2011—2013年医院感染现患率调查,了解医院感染现患率及抗菌药物使用情况,为医院感染的防控提供科学依据。方法采用查阅住院病历与床旁调查相结合的方法,调查某院住院患者2011—2013年医院感染现患率及抗菌药物使用情况。结果 3年共调查住院患者3 011例,2011—2013年医院感染现患率分别为3.49%、2.87%和3.98%,各年份医院感染现患率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.105,P=0.356)。感染部位均以下呼吸道为主,医院感染病原菌检出均以革兰阴性(G-)杆菌为主,不同年份医院感染患者分离的病原菌构成比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.003,P=0.972)。2011—2013年抗菌药物使用率、病原学送检率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为12.569、6.758,均P<0.01),抗菌药物使用率以2011年最高(63.40%),病原学送检率以2012年最高(62.14%)。结论该院医院感染现患率处于全国平均水平,其抗菌药物使用率有所减少,病原学送检意识逐渐增强,但仍需继续加强抗菌药物临床应用管理。Objective To investigate the prevalence rates of healthcare-associated infection（HAI）and antimicrobial use in a hospital in2011-2013,and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of HAI.Methods HAI prevalence rates and antimicrobial use in a hospital in2011-2013 were investigated by combination of bedside visiting and medical records reviewing.Results A total of 3 011 patients were investigated during three years,the prevalence rates were 3.49%,2.87% and 3.98% respectively,difference of prevalence rates during three years were not significantly different（χ^2=2.105,P=0.356）.Among HAI sites,lower respiratory tract ranked first,the major pathogens were gram-negative bacilli,constituent ratios of different pathogens were not significantly different among three years（χ^2=1.003,P=0.972）;antimicrobial usage rates and specimen detection rates among3 years were both significantly different（χ^2=12.569,P〈0.01;χ^2=6.758,P〈0.01,respectively）,antimicrobial usage rate was highest in2011（63.40%）,and specimen detection rate was highest in2012（62.14%）.Conclusion Point prevalence rate in this hospital is at average national level,antimicrobial usage rate decreased,the consciousness of pathogenic detection gradually enhanced,clinical application management of antimicrobial agents still needs to be strengthened continuously.

关 键 词：医院感染 现患率 抗菌药物 病原菌 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]