《元朝秘史》中两则谚语与相关史料的可靠性问题  

Two Proverbs in the Secret History of the Mongols and the Reliability of the Relevant Materials

作　　者：刘迎胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学民族与边疆研究中心/元史研究室,主任教授南京市210093

出　　处：《民族研究》2015年第5期85-91,125-126,共7页Ethno-National Studies

摘　　要：本文讨论的《元朝秘史》所记第一条谚语,见于该书第85节记铁木真幼年在逃避泰赤兀人追杀时,锁儿罕失刺两子间一段以草木尚且蔽护遭鹰鹘追捕的雀鸟为喻,力主救铁木真之叙事。此比喻亦见于波斯史家志费尼《世界征服者史》中,有关诸王阔端拒绝向脱列哥那监国皇后交出大臣镇海与牙刺瓦赤的回复,以及元人阎复《句客郡王纪绩碑》记载的钦察王族不同意将收留的篾儿乞残部交给成吉思汗时所举理由中。第二条有关凭借观察少年眼神灵活程度,来判断其未来成长的蒙古谚语,除在《秘史》中两见外,亦见于畏兀儿名臣孟速思与汉人刘哈剌八都鲁的家传资料。本文通过对这两条蒙古谚语的分析,证明《句容郡王纪绩碑》所记钦察王族沦为成吉思汗家族牧奴的过程,志费尼所述阔端拒绝向脱列哥那皇后交出镇海与牙刺瓦赤之事,与孟速思与刘哈剌八都鲁家传资料中保存的他们初见成吉恩汗与忽必烈时的情节,均是相当可靠的历史记录。A Mongolian proverb,which means the vegetation's shelter for the birds hunted by the eagle,was recorded in the Secret History of the Mongols,also in Tdrikh-i Jahangusay and Jurong Prince Monument.Another Mongolian proverb,which means judgment on the future of the Young by observing the flexibility of his eyes,was recorded in the Secret History of the Mongols,also in the family materials from Mansus and Liu Qara Ba'atur.Through the analysis of these two proverbs,the paper proves that those records,whether the Qipcaq royal family members' becoming the slaves of Genghis Khan family described in Jurong Prince Monument,or Koden's refusing Queen Toregene for delivering Cinqai and Yalawaci described in Tarikh-i Jahangusay,or the Mungsuz's and Liu Qara Ba'atur's first meeting Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan described in the family materials from Mansus and Liu Qara Ba'atur,were fairly reliable.

关 键 词：蒙古谚语 《元朝秘史》 《世界征服者史》 钦察 孟速思 哈刺八都鲁 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学]