“庚戌之变”后蓟镇守备举隅——以明后期北边防御思想变迁为线索  

On Jizhen Defense after Geng-xu Crisis:Based on Changes of Defense Thoughts of North Borders in the Late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：秦楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,北京100081

出　　处：《廊坊师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2015年第5期76-80,共5页Journal of Langfang Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：明自永乐之后,对外战略上逐步由攻易守,于北疆初置"九边"。"土木之变"后,原有的积极防御策略再度发生转变。此后,蒙人驻牧于河套、燕北一线,与明形成南北对峙。至于嘉靖庚戌,俺答兵薄帝京,朝野震动,原有的守御策略再度动摇。"隆庆议和"后,双边弥兵互市,缔造了"双赢"局面。蓟镇一边,草创于明初,连并东西大边,南扼京畿门户,北御兀良哈于外。嘉靖庚戌,俺答自此直抵京师,遂以蓟州为镇,"九边"终成。明代蓟镇守备变化频繁,"庚戌之变"之后尤甚。明之北边守御之策,最终在"九边"诸镇得以反映,蓟镇作为其中一点,其守备之变化则恰恰说明这一问题。After the Yong- le period of Ming Dynasty, the frontier defense policy turned into conservative, and the existing proactive policy was replaced by one- side defense. Since then, the Ming Dynasty built the Great Wall which named ＂Jiu- bian＂ in the northern border.After the ＂Tu- mu Crisis＂,the active defense policy changed again, and the Mongolians entered the Loop area of Yellow River and the north of Hebei Province,which brought about the North- South confrontation. By the Jia- jing period,the Mongolian made the ＂Geng- xu（1550 A.D.） Crisis＂,and the defense strategy changed again. Finally, the success of ＂Long- qing conferences＂ solved the problem of war and contributed to the double- win situation. The defensive wall named Ji- zhen was established in Yong- le period. It connected east and west, guarded the capital portals in the south and defended the Wu- liang- ha Mongolian. The policy of northern border defense in the Ming Dynasty is reflected by the ＂Jiu- bian＂ defensive wall. As an important part of the ＂Jiu- bian＂, the defense policy of Ji- zhen exactly illustrated that issue.

关 键 词：明代 边镇 蓟镇 庚戌之变 守备变化 防御思想 隆庆议和 

分 类 号：K248.2[历史地理—历史学]